System reliability, performance and trust in adaptable automation

Chavaillaz, Alain; Wastell, David; Sauer, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2015.07.012

Cited by 72 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Team orientation and mutual trust are two teamwork factors from the Big Five model that have not been as extensively explored within the scope of this dissertation. Trust was not in focus due to the already extensive research (Muir, 1994;Bonini et al, 2001;Eurocontrol, 2003;Bekier, 2013;Chavaillaz, Wastell, & Sauer, 2016;de Visser et al, 2016) while team orientation can be seen more like an attitude rather than a behaviour compared to the other teamwork factors (Salas et al, 2005) (Paper I). Not having team orientation makes it almost impossible to establish teamwork in the first place (Salas et al, 2005).…”

Section: Two Teamwork Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Svensson

2020

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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This dissertation explores the topic of human-automation teamwork in Air Traffic Control (ATC). ATC is a high stakes environment where complex automation is being introduced while the human operator has the legal responsibility. With increasing demands on productivity in various industries (as also in ATC), automation is introduced for efficiency, maintaining safety, and to keep the workload of the human operator within acceptable limits. However, previous research has shown that automation may cause negative effects on the human operator and performance, such as forcing the operator out of the control loop, which might lead to problems or confusion. Previous research suggests a need for strengthening human-automation collaboration where automation is seen as a team member to keep the operator in the loop. In order to achieve such teamwork, the design of the automation needs to be human-centred, i.e. that the automation is designed for the underlying need of the operator.The aim of this dissertation is to explore teamwork in ATC from several angles to understand how the air traffic controllers are working in current ATC environments and how automation could be designed to support humanautomation teamwork. The included studies rely on interviews, simulations, and questionnaires, all with operational air traffic controllers as participants.The results indicate that for both human-human teamwork and humanautomation teamwork, teamwork factors such as adaptability and mutual performance monitoring (knowing what the other team members are doing) are important for the work performance in current ATC environments, where mutual performance monitoring is especially important during stressful situations.When designing automation, lessons learned from human-human teamwork should be considered. The work within the scope of this dissertation identifies and concerns two human-automation teamwork aspects: boundary awareness and implicit communication. These are proposed to support the operator's knowledge about the automation and the communication flow between the iv operator and the automation. Boundary awareness is the operator's knowledge of the automation's abilities, its boundaries (what it can or cannot manage), and about consequences if it would go outside of these boundaries. Implicit communication is the unspoken or implied small cues that the operator and the automation can use to communicate with each other. It is proposed that implicit communication can be based on the work patterns of the operator. The knowledge gained through the work in this dissertation can be used as a foundation for further research and design of automation regarding operator knowledge about the automation boundaries and the communication within the team. v vii INCLUDED PUBLICATIONS

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Section: Two Teamwork Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Svensson

2020

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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“…The knowledge of these boundaries provides the ability to have a safe cooperation with the automated system (Beller, Heesen and Vollrath, 2013). In the absence of such knowledge, drivers may not be able to calibrate their trust to an appropriate level (Lee and See, 2004;Chavaillaz, Wastell and Sauer, 2016). While failures of automation has been proved to have a detrimental effect on trust, Lee and See (2004) argue that some failures can be classified as "good failures" with neglegible impact on trust.…”

Section: Forms Of Trust 96mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in section 1.1, many authors have studied the effect of reliability (or automation capability) on trust (Muir, 1994;Muir and Moray, 1996;Chavaillaz, Wastell and Sauer, 2016), suggesting that with increased reliability, trust increases. However, there is no published research on the effect of static knowledge of automation capability on trust in a driving context (both "trust in the system" and "trust with the system").…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibrating trust through knowledge: Introducing the concept of informed safety for automation in vehicles

Khastgir

Birrell

Dhadyalla

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

102

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“…It is well known from the theory of automated systems that the more complex the system, the greater the probability of errors and disturbances in the system (Chavaillaz 2016). The more complicated the system is, the more disturbances of a random nature, i.e.…”

Section: Systemic Errors and Possible Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Main Challenges and Barriers to the Successful “Smart Shipping”

Alop¹

2019

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System reliability, performance and trust in adaptable automation

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Human-automation teamwork : Current practices and future directions in air traffic control

Calibrating trust through knowledge: Introducing the concept of informed safety for automation in vehicles

The Main Challenges and Barriers to the Successful “Smart Shipping”

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