Syphilis

Ingall, David; Sánchez, Pablo J.; Baker, Carol J.

doi:10.1016/b0-72-160537-0/50020-7

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…On the contrary, it is noted that there are potential negative impacts on the unborn child, regarding congenital infections and mother-to-child transfer of antibodies, in relation to most of the diseases studied in this paper. These impacts include early foetal loss, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal and infant death, and congenital disease among newborn babies [ 44 – 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Helegbe

Aryee

Mohammed

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Helegbe

Aryee

Mohammed

et al. 2018

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum , but little is known about its mechanism of action or what determines virulence of infection [ 1 ]. Untreated syphilis in pregnancy leads to adverse outcomes among more than half of the women with active disease, including early fetal loss, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal and infant death, and congenital disease among newborn babies [ 2 ]. In 2010, a total of 13,774 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis Infection during Pregnancy: Fetal Risks and Clinical Management

Santis

Luca

Mappa

et al. 2012

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

128

111

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Congenital syphilis is still a cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Untreated maternal infection leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including early fetal loss, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, neonatal and infant death, and congenital disease among newborns. Clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis are influenced by gestational age, stage of maternal syphilis, maternal treatment, and immunological response of the fetus. It has been traditionally classified in early congenital syphilis and late congenital syphilis. Diagnosis of maternal infection is based on clinical findings, serological tests, and direct identification of treponemes in clinical specimens. Adequate treatment of maternal infection is effective for preventing maternal transmission to the fetus and for treating fetal infection. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital syphilis includes noninvasive and invasive diagnosis. Serological screening during pregnancy and during preconception period should be performed to reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis.

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“…Other maternal G/R infections, including syphilis (Ingall, 2001) have also been associated with impaired neurocognitive outcomes among offspring. Impairment in neuropsychological functions is one of the hallmark features of schizophrenia and plays a considerable role in social and occupational impairment in this disorder (Goldberg et al, 2003; Kraus and Keefe, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of maternal genital and reproductive infections with verbal memory and motor deficits in adult schizophrenia

Brown

Vinogradov

Kremen

et al. 2011

Psychiatry Research

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Maternal exposure to genital and reproductive infections has been associated with schizophrenia in previous studies. Impairments in several neuropsychological functions, including verbal memory, working memory, executive function, and fine-motor coordination occur prominently in patients with schizophrenia. The etiologies of these deficits, however, remain largely unknown. We aimed to assess whether prospectively documented maternal exposure to genital/reproductive infections was related to these neuropsychological deficits in offspring with schizophrenia and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The cases were derived from a population-based birth cohort; all cohort members belonged to a prepaid health plan. Cases were assessed for verbal memory, working memory, executive function, and fine-motor coordination. Compared to unexposed cases, patients exposed to maternal genital/reproductive infection performed more poorly on verbal memory, fine-motor coordination, and working memory. Stratification by race revealed associations between maternal G/R infection and verbal memory and fine-motor coordination for case offspring of African-American mothers, but not for case offspring of White mothers. Significant infection-by-race interactions were also observed. Although independent replications are warranted, maternal G/R infections were associated with verbal memory and motor function deficits in African-American patients with schizophrenia.

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Syphilis

Cited by 16 publications

References 265 publications

Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Syphilis Infection during Pregnancy: Fetal Risks and Clinical Management

Association of maternal genital and reproductive infections with verbal memory and motor deficits in adult schizophrenia

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