Syphilis Infection during Pregnancy: Fetal Risks and Clinical Management

Santis, Marco De; Luca, Carmen De; Mappa, Ilenia; Spagnuolo, Terryann; Licameli, Angelo; Straface, Gianluca; Scambia, Giovanni

doi:10.1155/2012/430585

Cited by 128 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Gestational syphilis is a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, perinatal death, prematurity, low birth weight, and other problems [1][2][3] . Estimations indicate that from 2008 to 2009, seropositivity for syphilis among pregnant women who attended prenatal consultations ranged from 0.06% in the Mediterranean region to 2.13% in Africa, and approximately 1.4 million pregnant women worldwide are infected with Treponema pallidum 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of preventative and control measures for congenital syphilis in State of Mato Grosso

Oliveira

Costa

Barreto

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Congenital syphilis is an important health problem in Brazil. This study assessed measures aimed at the prevention and control of syphilis in the State of Mato Grosso and its capital, Cuiabá. Methods: A descriptive study cross-sectional and of time trends assessing the congenital syphilis was performed in Cuiabá and Mato Grosso between 2001 and 2011. We compared maternal sociodemographic characteristics and health care utilization related to cases of congenital syphilis during the periods from 2001 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2011. We assessed the temporal trends in this disease's incidence using a simple linear regression. Results: Between 2001 and 2006 in Mato Grosso, 86.8% of the mothers who had live births with congenital syphilis received prenatal care, 90.6% presented with a nontreponemal test reagent at delivery, 96.2% had no information regarding a treponemal confi rmatory test at delivery, and 77.6% received inadequate treatment for syphilis; additionally, 75.8% of their partners were not treated. There was a statistically signifi cant reduction in prenatal visits (p = 0.004) and an increase in the proportion of mothers reactive to nontreponemal tests at delivery (p = 0.031) between the two periods. No other variables were found to differ signifi cantly between the periods. In Cuiabá, we observed a similar distribution of variables. In the state and in the capital, the increasing trend of congenital syphilis was not statistically signifi cant. Conclusions: The high incidence of congenital syphilis in Mato Grosso and the low levels of health care indicators for pregnant women with syphilis suggest the need to improve the coverage and quality of prenatal care.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of preventative and control measures for congenital syphilis in State of Mato Grosso

Oliveira

Costa

Barreto

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…These challenges underlie the definition of disease cases, underreporting of cases, the training of health professionals and feasibility of diagnostic tests, inadequate prenatal care, difficulty in making the diagnosis at the child birth, lack of attention and care that reaches out in the identification of the infected partner and its treatment, as well as the follow-up of children born to mothers with syphilis (17) . As stated by Saraceni et al (18) , the surveillance of diseases of vertical transmission should be performed, "in the period in which the intervention is still possible", thus all these aforementioned steps include possibilities of intervention, requiring strategies that perform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…quarter, or later, to stillbirth in about 30-40% of cases, or even to premature labor, since placental infection with consequent reduction in blood flow to the fetus, may be involved in the fetal death (17) . For this reason, early diagnosis (by request routine serological In this context, it is noteworthy that out of 35 reported cases of CS in our study, 17.2% had the worst outcome (four stillbirths and two miscarriages).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding children assessed after active search, a total of five of these had low birth weight (< 2,500 g), and only one was confirmed as congenital syphilis after surveillance because she had VDRL 1:8 at the time of birth, VDRL negative CSF and Rx of long bones without change. To Santis (17) , this may be the only sign of congenital syphilis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Congenital syphilis neonatal alterations in a university hospital in niterói - rJ

Souza¹,

Braga²,

Val³

et al. 2013

J Bras Doenças Sex Transm

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Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused due to bacterium Treponema pallidum. The prevalence of this infection decreased significantly by the use of penicillin, but it is observed that it reappears particularly in cases of congenital syphilis (CS). Objective: to describe the effects of neonatal CS in newborns (NB) in a public hospital in Niterói -RJ, from January 2005 to June 2006 and to observe the birth weight and serology of newborns with CS notification. The purpose of this study is also to describe the CS treatment in each case. Methods: a sample of 35 CS notifications was recorded from the Center for Hospital Surveillance at the Antonio Pedro University Hospital (HUAP), Niterói -RJ, from January 2005 to June 2006. Data from the notifications was used and home visit was done to collect blood samples. Results: the study population is comprised of 29 live birth patients, four miscarriages and two stillbirths. Only two cases (6.9%) had evidence of CS bone abnormalities. The VDRL test performed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the cases proved to be non-reactive for all patients. VDRL serum of newborns at birth was positive for 23 (79.31 %) patients. The crystalline penicillin G was administered in 26 (89.65 % cases,) procaine penicillin G in two (6.9%) and for one individual both crystalline penicillin G and procaine penicillin G was used. Conclusion: fetal death and abortion were the most ominous outcome and impact of CS. Long bones alterations were scarcely found in few samples. Low birth weight was observed in a few cases. CSF VDRL was not reactive in all cases. The use of several antibiotic regimens was in disagreement with the proposed protocol issued by the Ministry of Health. Keywords: congenital syphilis, treatment outcome, penicillin, VDRL antigen. RESUMO Introdução:A prevalência da infecção pelo Treponema pallidum diminuiu sensivelmente com a penicilina, porém se observa tendência mundial no recrudescimento da sífilis, em particular dos casos de sífilis congênita (SC). Objetivos: Descrever as repercussões neonatais da SC nos recém-nascidos (RN) notificados como caso de SC em um hospital público de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro de 2005 a junho de 2006; observar o peso ao nascer e a sorologia dos RN com notificação de SC; descrever o tratamento dos casos de SC. Métodos: Amostra constituída de 35 fichas de notificação de SC do Centro de Vigilância Hospitalar do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP). Utilizaram-se dados da notificação e realizou-se visita domiciliar para coleta de sangue. Resultados: A população foi constituída por 29 pacientes nascidos vivos, 4 nascidos mortos e 2 abortamentos. Apenas dois casos (6,9%) evidenciavam alterações ósseas de SC. O teste Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) realizado no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) demonstrou-se não reator para todos os pacientes avaliados. O VDRL do soro dos RN no nascimento foi positivo para 23 (79,31%) pacientes. A penicilina G cristalina (PGC) foi administrada em 26 (89,65%) cas...

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“…Adverse outcomes can include stillbirth or miscarriage, perinatal death, prematurity, low birthweight, and a series of early congenital manifestations (e.g. snuffles, hepatosplenomegaly, generalised lymphadenopathy, bony lesions) and late congenital manifestations (typically due to chronic granulomatous inflammation) 4,8,9 .…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of congenital syphilis and toxoplasmosis

George¹

2015

Microbiol. Aust.

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Syphilis, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus represent disparate entities. The bacterial spirochaete Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum causes syphilis, the ‘The Great Imitator'; the organism's sole natural host is humans and it remains exquisitely sensitive to penicillin. By contrast, the zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis. Infection is usually self-limited, although serious disease can occur in the immunocompromised. Meanwhile, the human cytomegalovirus (CMV; human herpesvirus 5) is a relatively prevalent enveloped DNA betaherpesvirus with infection specific to humans. Despite nomenclatural, ecological and therapeutic disparities, however, these agents exhibit several concordances, including various, and at times, cryptic syndromes in child and often mother; congenital infections with potentially devastating outcomes; diagnostic dilemmas. This article primarily discusses the latter of these issues in relationship to congenital syphilis and toxoplasmosis in the Australian context.

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Syphilis Infection during Pregnancy: Fetal Risks and Clinical Management

Cited by 128 publications

References 30 publications

Evaluation of preventative and control measures for congenital syphilis in State of Mato Grosso

Evaluation of preventative and control measures for congenital syphilis in State of Mato Grosso

Congenital syphilis neonatal alterations in a university hospital in niterói - rJ

Diagnosis of congenital syphilis and toxoplasmosis

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