Syphilis, hepatitis C and HIV in Eastern Europe

Bailey, Heather; Turkova, Anna; Thorne, Claire

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000326

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…e World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 12 million new cases of syphilis each year, with more than 90% occurring in developing nations [1,2]. Furthermore, there has been a resurgence of syphilis both in developed and developing countries since the late 1990s [3][4][5]. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, owing to the relentless e orts of the government, syphilis along with other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were virtually eliminated in mainland China in the 1960s [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Treponema Pallidum Antibody among Volunteer Blood Donors in China

Zheng

Ding

Xia

et al. 2022

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. Infection with syphilis is still a major public health problem. The precise data for syphilis seroprevalence in the populations will help to develop a strategy for prevention and treatment of it. However, the data for syphilis prevalence in continuous years among volunteer blood donors in China is rare. Methods. A retrospective study for Treponema pallidum (TP) antibody in blood donors was conducted from January 2010 to December 2019 at the Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, China. TP antibody was detected with two different reagents using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the only sample which was reactive in the two reagents was defined as seropositive. Results. A total of 992,646 volunteer blood donors were analyzed and the positive rate of TP antibody in the blood donors was 0.43%. From 2010 to 2019, the positive rates of TP antibody were 0.53%, 0.51%, 0.51%, 0.43%, 0.36%, 0.18%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.11%, and 0.10%, respectively. The positive rates of TP antibody were significantly different among blood donor age group ( p < 0.001 ), with the highest positive rate in 45–54-years-old group (0.93%). The positive rates of TP antibody in male and female blood donors were 0.44% and 0.41%, respectively. The positive rate was 0.57% among the first-time blood donors, which was significantly higher than that of the repeat blood donors (0.17%). The positive rate of TP antibody in blood donors decreased gradually with the increase of educational level. Conclusion. The syphilis seroprevalence is low in the blood donors of the Hangzhou area, and the positive rate of blood donors is associated with age, educational level, and times of blood donation. Increasing the number of repeat blood donations is helpful to improve blood safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Treponema Pallidum Antibody among Volunteer Blood Donors in China

Zheng

Ding

Xia

et al. 2022

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…In the United States, from 2013 to 2017, the national annual rate of reported primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases increased by 72.7%, from 5.5 to 9.5 cases per 100,000 individuals ( 5 ). A review of syphilis studies in Eastern Europe showed that even though the incidence was generally declining, high prevalence was reported in key populations, particularly sex workers and users of injectable drugs ( 6 ). In China, a range of unique biological and social forces, such as depletion of individuals with immunity, income gaps and a cultural climate that favors the re-emergence of sex work, are driving the spread of syphilis ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Seronegative Conversion After Centralized Management of Syphilis Patients in Shenzhen, China

Luo

Ding

Yuan

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the seronegative conversion status of syphilis patients after centralized management and to analyze potential determinants.Materials and Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted, and data for individuals who had been diagnosed with syphilis between 2011 and 2019 were retrieved from the Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control. Seroconversion statuses were summarized as percentages. Univariable and multiple Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with seronegative conversion among syphilis patients.Results: During the study period, 1,545 patients with syphilis participated in the syphilis convergence case management program on a voluntary basis, of whom 290 were excluded due to missing follow-up data. A total of 27.6% (346/1255) of patients with syphilis showed seronegative conversion. Multivariable analysis revealed that the following significantly determined syphilis seroconversion from positive to negative: younger age (15–19 years vs. ≥30 years: HR = 2.18), male gender (HR = 1.45), lower baseline toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) titer of ≤ 1:8 (HR = 2.23), and different disease stages, including latent syphilis (HR = 1.98), primary syphilis (HR = 7.67), and secondary syphilis (HR = 4.83).Conclusions: Few patients with syphilis tested negative after treatment at the end of the study. Seronegative conversion in the patients was associated with age, sex, baseline TRUST titer, and syphilis stage.

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“…Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) are among the regions with the highest prevalence of HCV infection [3]. Within the EECA, Russia has the highest absolute number of infections and, together with Egypt, China, India, Nigeria and Pakistan, accounts for more than half of the global HCV burden [4]. According to the Russian State Statistical Observation service, the incidence of CHC in Russia has ranged between 32 and 40 cases per 100,000 population over the last 10 years [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community screening for hepatitis C virus infection in a low-prevalence population

et al. 2019

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Background Age cohort screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) might be an effective strategy if the majority of undiagnosed cases are concentrated in a particular age group. The objective of this study was to determine HCV prevalence in different age cohorts of the general population in the Central European part of Russia and second, to assess feasibility of HCV antigen testing for community screening programs. Methods Sera from 2027 volunteers were tested for anti-HCV (Architect Anti-HCV, Abbott Laboratories). All anti-HCV reactive samples were confirmed in an immunoblot and tested for HCV Ag (ARCHITECT HCV Ag, Abbott Laboratories), HCV RNA and HCV viral load. Results Out of 31 individuals with anti-HCV reactive result, 22 (71%) were confirmed by immunoblot, six were false positives and three were indeterminate. Active infection was observed in 73% of anti-HCV confirmed positives. Five out of 16 individuals had low HCV-RNA levels (< 10,000 IU/mL) and one of those had a very low level (594 IU/mL). Agreement between HCV Ag and HCV RNA was 100%. Total anti-HCV and active HCV infection rates were 1.09% (22/2027) and 0.79% (16/2027), respectively. The peak rates were observed in people 60 years or older (anti-HCV: 2.84% [95% CI: 1.66–4.74%], 13/319; HCV RNA/HCV Ag: 2.23% [95% CI: 1.20–4.00%], 10/319). Conclusions Overall HCV prevalence is low, except in people 60 years or older. The latter should be considered as a target group for HCV screening. The high agreement between HCV RNA and HCV Ag suggests the utility of HCV Ag testing to confirm active infection in screening programs.

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Syphilis, hepatitis C and HIV in Eastern Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Prevalence of Treponema Pallidum Antibody among Volunteer Blood Donors in China

Prevalence of Treponema Pallidum Antibody among Volunteer Blood Donors in China

Predictors of Seronegative Conversion After Centralized Management of Syphilis Patients in Shenzhen, China

Community screening for hepatitis C virus infection in a low-prevalence population

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