Syphilis

Lasagabaster, Maider Arando; Guerra, Lenin Cavalcanti Brito

doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2019.03.007

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A delayed diagnosis and treatment of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis can result in serious complications and sequelae such as liver cirrhosis, carcinoma, acquisition of opportunistic infections and death [37][38][39]. On the contrary, a timely diagnosis of these co-infections can reduce downstream adverse health effects, offset a faster disease progression, encourage cure and reduce transmission to sexual partners and children [40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological features and risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province, northwest China

Zhang

Chang

2019

Preprint

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Background HIV-infected patients are at higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP), the agent causing syphilis, than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis had geographic differences and varied from region to region among HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, and syphilis infection in HIV-infected individuals in Shaanxi Province, northwest China. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with HIV-infected patients from June 2011 to June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Sociodemographic data was captured from the national HIV/AIDS information system in China. Serological tests and analysis of CD4+ T-cell count levels were performed using standard procedures. Besides, the HIV infection time and age were presumed by CD4+ T-cell count levels. Results The average time from HIV infection to diagnosis was (4.7±2.4) years, and the HIV infection time ≥3 years accounted for 66.8%. Of the discovery routes, voluntary counseling & testing (VCT) only accounted for 20.7%. Among 1018 HIV-infected patients, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis was 11.0%, 11.1%, and 26.0%, respectively. HBV-HCV, HCV-syphilis, HBV-syphilis, and HBV-HCV-syphilis co-infection was 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV was as high as 30.2% in HIV-infected patients. Ethnicity (OR=29.257, 95%CI: 11.243-76.133) and HIV transmission routes (OR=149.368, 95%CI: 16.590-1 344.861) were the risk factors of HCV infection in HIV-infected patients. In the HIV-infected patients with the antibody of Treponema pallidum, the rate of homosexual transmission was so higher but heterosexual transmission is lower (OR=0.548 95% CI: 0.382-0.786), suggesting that homosexual transmission might be a risk factor for HIV-syphilis co-infection. Conclusion The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. In addition, a high prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis co-infection could be observed, and like HIV infection, they might not understand their HBV, HCV and syphilis infection status. At last, the high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological features and risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province, northwest China

Zhang

Chang

2019

Preprint

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“…Transmission is mainly sexual (oral, vaginal, or anal). It can also be transmitted vertically, with a fetal mortality rate higher than 40% 2 .…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their characteristic is the research of total antibodies in whole blood, serum, or plasma ( Figure 2 ). Although there is a synthesis of specific IgM antibodies at the initial infection phase, such antibodies are also found in late infection stages; therefore, IgM tests are not recommended on their own 2 , 17 .…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nontreponemal tests, such as the venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL), detect anticardiolipin antibodies nonspecific for T. pallidum antigens 19 . They are semi quantitative tests, as, in case of reacting results, dilution of the sample for titration of these antibodies is performed 2 . Such titration may vary, depending on the disease stage and on treatment or lack of it.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: acquired syphilis

Freitas

Benzaken

Passos

et al. 2021

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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The Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care of People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020, includes updates concerning acquired syphilis. The document comprises rapid test use, safety and efficacy of benzathine benzylpenicillin, case follow-up, neurosyphilis clinical and laboratory management, approaching sex partners, assistance and monitoring of diagnosed pregnant women, and syphilis and HIV co-infection specificities, as well as a case notification summary. Health managers and professionals must be continuously trained so as to integrate care and surveillance, to strengthen actions for efficient control of syphilis, to broaden the search for sex partners, and to expand access of most vulnerable populations to health services.

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“…Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum . 1–3 Neurosyphilis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by T. pallidum . Neurosyphilis can occur at any stage of syphilis, and its most common type is asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the factors associated with post-treatment asymptomatic neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with serological non-response syphilis: a retrospective study

et al. 2020

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Some syphilis patients do not exhibit an appropriate serological response after treatment despite the absence of any clinical evidence of treatment failure or reinfection. This condition is called “serofast syphilis” or “serological non-response syphilis.” This study explored the incidence of asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) and related factors in 324 asymptomatic patients with serological non-response syphilis. We analyzed descriptive statistics stratified by the presence of asymptomatic neurosyphilis for the basic characteristics of samples. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess correlations between outcomes and potential predictors. Variables significant in the bivariate analysis (p<0.1) were entered into multivariable logistic regression models. All p-values were two-sided with a significance threshold of p<0.05. The results indicated that 89 of 324 patients had ANS (incidence of 27.5%), and the greatest risk factors were a < fourfold decrease in serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers after treatment and current serum RPR titers >1:32. Our findings suggest that ANS is common among syphilis patients, and patients with a fourfold decrease in serum RPR titers after treatment and current serum RPR titers >1:32 are more likely to develop ANS.

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Syphilis

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Epidemiological features and risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province, northwest China

Epidemiological features and risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis in HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province, northwest China

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: acquired syphilis

Identification of the factors associated with post-treatment asymptomatic neurosyphilis in HIV-negative patients with serological non-response syphilis: a retrospective study

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