Synthetic single crystal diamond diodes for radiotherapy dosimetry

Falco, M.D.; Marinelli, M.; Prestopino, Giuseppe; Verona, C.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.028

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, the feasibility of high performance radiotherapy detectors based on synthetic single crystal diamond grown by means of CVD technique at the laboratories of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" has been studied. [24][25][26] In particular, the suitability of such detectors for the dosimetry of radiation therapy small photon beams has been investigated and very promising results have been pointed out. 26,27 In this work the dosimetric performances of such detectors are evaluated in megavoltage clinical electron beams with energy in the range 6-15 MeV and field size from 6 × 6 to 20 × 20 cm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy electron beam dosimetry

Venanzio

Marinelli²,

Milani³

et al. 2013

Med. Phys.

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Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric properties of synthetic single crystal diamond based Schottky diodes under irradiation with therapeutic electron beams from linear accelerators. Methods: A single crystal diamond detector was fabricated and tested under 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 MeV electron beams. The detector performances were evaluated using three types of commercial detectors as reference dosimeters: an Advanced Markus plane parallel ionization chamber, a Semiflex cylindrical ionization chamber, and a p-type silicon detector. Preirradiation, linearity with dose, dose rate dependence, output factors, lateral field profiles, and percentage depth dose profiles were investigated and discussed. Results: During preirradiation the diamond detector signal shows a weak decrease within 0.7% with respect to the plateau value and a final signal stability of 0.1% (1σ ) is observed after about 5 Gy. A good linear behavior of the detector response as a function of the delivered dose is observed with deviations below ±0.3% in the dose range from 0.02 to 10 Gy. In addition, the detector response is dose rate independent, with deviations below 0.3% in the investigated dose rate range from 0.17 to 5.45 Gy/min. Percentage depth dose curves obtained from the diamond detector are in good agreement with the ones from the reference dosimeters. Lateral beam profile measurements show an overall good agreement among detectors, taking into account their respective geometrical features. The spatial resolution of solid state detectors is confirmed to be better than that of ionization chambers, being the one from the diamond detector comparable to that of the silicon diode. A good agreement within experimental uncertainties was also found in terms of output factor measurements between the diamond detector and reference dosimeters. Conclusions: The observed dosimetric properties indicate that the tested diamond detector is a suitable candidate for clinical electron beam dosimetry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy electron beam dosimetry

Venanzio

Marinelli²,

Milani³

et al. 2013

Med. Phys.

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“…Visibleblindness, chemical inertness, large heat conductance, high charge mobility and low dark current are the properties that make diamond particularly interesting for the realization of photodetectors [2,3]. In addition, due to its low atomic number, diamond is a tissue equivalent material, and thus it can be used to realize dosimeters for radiotherapy [4,5]. Natural diamond, mainly because of lack of standardisation, high cost and inclusion of impurities, is not a feasible proposal as an engineering material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman scattering in boron-doped single-crystal diamond used to fabricate Schottky diode detectors

Faggio

Messina

Santangelo

et al. 2012

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

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a b s t r a c tThanks to its exceptional physical and electronic properties, diamond is an attractive material for electronic devices working at high temperature and in harsh chemical environment. Its use as a semiconducting material for electronics is related to the possibility of doping it in order to control its conductivity. Semiconducting p-type diamond films can be grown when boron is introduced into the film. In this work, boron-doped (B-doped) homoepitaxial diamond films are grown by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. Raman and electrical characterizations are carried out on the films as a function of boron doping level. As the boron content increases, we observe systematic modifications in the Raman spectra of single-crystal diamonds. A significant change in the lineshape of the first-order Raman peak, as well as a wide and structured signal at lower wavenumbers, appears simultaneously in samples grown with higher boron content. A single crystal diamond Schottky diode based on a metal/intrinsic/p-type diamond junction is analysed.

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“…The suitability of this smallvolume detector for dosimetry in standard clinical beams was already investigated, showing very good dosimetric properties in comparison with reference detectors (Almaviva et al 2008, Di Venanzio et al 2013. In addition, such SCDDs were characterized in small photon beams (down to 1 × 1 cm 2 ), whose dosimetry is challenging (Ciancaglioni et al 2012, Pimpinella et al 2012a, 2012b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiotherapy electron beams collimated by small tubular applicators: characterization by silicon and diamond diodes

Bagalà¹,

Venanzio²,

Falco³

et al. 2013

Phys. Med. Biol.

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High-energy electron beams generated by linear accelerators, typically in the range 6 to 20 MeV, are used in small field sizes for radiotherapy of localized superficial tumors. Unshielded silicon diodes (Si-D) are commonly considered suitable detectors for relative dose measurements in small electron fields due to their high spatial resolution. Recently, a novel synthetic single crystal diamond diode (SCDD) showed suitable properties for standard electron beams and small photon beams dosimetry. The aim of the present study is twofold: to characterize 6 to 15 MeV small electron beams shaped by using commercial tubular applicators with 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm diameter and to assess the dosimetric performance under such irradiation conditions of the novel SCDD dosimeter by comparison with commercially available dosimeters, namely a Si-D and a plane-parallel ionization chamber. Percentage depth dose curves, beam profiles and output factors (OFs) were measured. A good agreement among the dosimeters was observed in all of the performed measurements. As for the tubular applicators, two main effects were evidenced: (i) OFs larger than unity were measured for a number of field sizes and energies, with values up to about 1.3, that is an output 30% greater than that obtained at the 10 × 10 cm 2 reference field; (ii) for each diameter of the tubular applicator a noticeable increase of the OF values was observed with increasing beam energy, up to about 100% in the case of the smaller applicator. This OF behavior is remarkably different from what typically observed for small blocked fields having the same size and energy as those used in this study. OFs for tubular applicators depend considerably on the field size, so interpolation is unadvisable to predict the linear accelerator output for such applicators whereas reliable high-resolution detectors, as the

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Synthetic single crystal diamond diodes for radiotherapy dosimetry

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy electron beam dosimetry

Characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy electron beam dosimetry

Raman scattering in boron-doped single-crystal diamond used to fabricate Schottky diode detectors

Radiotherapy electron beams collimated by small tubular applicators: characterization by silicon and diamond diodes

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