Synthetic reductions in clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories: A review

Allen, Andrew C.; Cantrell, Thomas S.

doi:10.1016/0379-0738(89)90086-8

Cited by 95 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The enantiomeric analysis of amphetamine is also useful for both comparative purposes and the evaluation of the production method. The latter one is based on the analysis of the final product, either the pure enantiomer [5] or racemic mixture [6], depending on the synthetic route used for the production. Noggle and co-workers [7] studied the determination of enantiomeric composition of amphetamine prepared from norephedrine and norpseudoephedrine applying production of diastereomeric derivatives with 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC) and subsequent HPLC separation on non-chiral phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel derivatization with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene [DNFB]) and related methodological developments for improved detection of amphetamine enantiomers by circular dichroism spectroscopy

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A new analytical procedure based on the derivatization of amphetamine with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene) and a subsequent circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis are proposed for the determination of amphetamine enantiomers. The main advantage of the approach is the fact that the new synthetized derivative can be detected in the visible wavelength region with significantly better sensitivity than the original amphetamine. This allows a reliable determination of the optical isomers of the amphetamine without the need of separation from some of the most frequently occurring additives such as caffeine and lactose in the case of illicit drugs, or auxiliary materials in the case of legal amphetamine containing preparations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel derivatization with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene [DNFB]) and related methodological developments for improved detection of amphetamine enantiomers by circular dichroism spectroscopy

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is believed that the use of "Krokodil" has already migrated to nearby countries including Poland, Czech Republic, France, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, and other European countries due to Russian immigration [5]. The process of "Krokodil" synthesis is nearly identical to the clandestine synthesis of methamphetamine from ephedrine [6,7], consisting of a simple extraction and reduction to obtain the opioid derivative. "Krokodil" is obtained using codeine as a starting material, which is commonly prescribed and sold in the pharmaceutical market in the form of tablets and syrups, and it can be synthesized using minimal equipment and synthetic steps [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trace-Level Screening of Chemicals Related to Clandestine Desomorphine Production with Ambient Sampling, Portable Mass Spectrometry

Hall

O'Leary

Lawton

et al. 2017

Journal of Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Desomorphine is a semisynthetic opioid that is responsible for the psychoactive effects of a dangerous homemade injectable mixture that goes by street name "Krokodil." Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and paper spray ionization (PSI) are implemented on a portable mass spectrometer for the direct analysis of desomorphine and precursor reagent codeine from multiple substrates of potential relevance to clandestine drug laboratory synthesis and paraphernalia seizure. Minimal sample preparation required for analysis and portability of the instrument suggest the potential for rapid, on-site analysis of evidence, a highly desired benefit for forensic science and law enforcement practitioners. Both DESI-MS and PSI-MS can generate spectra consistent with preceding data obtained using traditional ionization methods, while demonstrating detection limits in the low-to sub-ng levels.

show abstract

“…With the reliable computerized pattern recognition, program and more sensitive methodology itis likely the cocaine impurity signature profile would able to determine the country of origin of unknown cocaine sample. Similar methodologies to obtain the signature patterns for amphetamine [76], methamphetamine [77], opium alkaloids [78], and cannabis [79] were explored and established.…”

Section: Bont Signatures Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection by Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Samples

Hou¹

2013

J Forensic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthetic reductions in clandestine amphetamine and methamphetamine laboratories: A review

Cited by 95 publications

References 40 publications

Novel derivatization with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene [DNFB]) and related methodological developments for improved detection of amphetamine enantiomers by circular dichroism spectroscopy

Novel derivatization with Sanger's reagent (2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene [DNFB]) and related methodological developments for improved detection of amphetamine enantiomers by circular dichroism spectroscopy

Trace-Level Screening of Chemicals Related to Clandestine Desomorphine Production with Ambient Sampling, Portable Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection by Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Samples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About