Synthetic Devices for Reconstructive Surgery of the Cruciate Ligaments: A Systematic Review

Surface modification of vascular endothelial growth factor-loaded silk fibroin to improve biological performance of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene via promoting angiogenesis

“…56 Prosthetic ligaments could not only avoid the disadvantages of autografts and allografts such as donor site injury, immunological reaction, and disease transmission, but also allow early rehabilitation with more rapid return to a preinjury level of activity. 57 In our study, VEGF loaded by SF coating onto the surface of UHMWPE enhanced the biological performance of UHMWPE fibers, which revealed the potential application inartificial ligaments. UHMWPE-braided graft had been used as an ACL reconstructive option, 58 but researches about its clinical outcomes were rarely reported due to the withdraw of artificial ligaments from the market after a short-time availability.…”

“…The ultimate failure load for native young specimens of the femur-ACL-tibia complex was 2,160±157 N. 59 At present, artificial ligaments available are mainly made of polyester. 57 Compared to polyester, the high performance of UHMWPE in mechanical behavior makes it possible for prosthetic ligament to meet the mechanical requirement of ACL with a smaller cross-sectional area. Thereupon, the size of the bone tunnel needed drilling during ACL reconstruction operation could be smaller, which is a favorable factor for bone regeneration.…”

Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: state of the art

“…Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA), Kennedy ligament augmentation device (3M, St Paul, Minnesota, USA) and Lees-Keio (Xiros, Leeds, England) have demonstrated a high risk of complications including recurrent pain, mechanical failure, infection, tunnel osteolysis and massive effusions 38 39. However, newer generation devices such as Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS; Surgical Implants and Devices, Arc-sur-Tille, France) have been reported with lower rates of failure, revision and sterile effusion/synovitis 40. Patients with failed artificial grafts often present with recurrent instability, pain, swelling or effusions.…”

The Past, Present And Future Of Ligament Regenerative Engineering

“…The device utilizes the ruptured ACL stump in conjunction with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix to stabilize the knee. A recent systematic review of synthetic devices found that the failure rate of the LARS device was 2.6% out of 736 patients that were included in the studies inclusion criteria [43]. Furthermore, the LARS device allowed patients to return to unrestricted activity after 2 months in one study, 3 months in three studies, 4 months in four studies and 6 months in two studies.…”

“…As rehabilitation time is decreased, so are the healthcare costs that go toward physical therapy for patients. However, as Batty et al stated, the results of the LARS should be considered with caution as the definition of ligament failure is perceived with different interpretations from study to study [43]. The LARS ligament is made from polyethylene terephthalate, which is a nondegradable material.…”