Synthetic Analogs of Phytochemicals

Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Ezzat, Shahira M.; Tijjani, Habibu; Srivastav, Vijay Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6920-9_2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Herbal-derived medicines are potential sources of bioactive compounds and phytocomponents that is involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species generated from toxic compound metabolism [ 24 – 26 ]. Broad ranges of pharmacological activities and responses have been reported for such compounds [ 16 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ficus exasperata Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage via NF-κB Signaling Mechanism in Experimental Rat Model

Adetuyi¹,

Adebisi

Adetuyi

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Ficus exasperata has been used to treat ulcer, diabetes, fever, and a variety of stress-related disorders. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced acute liver injury. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract of F. exasperata (EFE) on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Rats were pretreated with EFE (150, 250, 500 mg/kg) and thereafter received 250 mg/kg APA intraperitoneally (i.p.). The normal control group received distilled water, while the negative control group received 250 mg/kg APAP, respectively. Hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress-antioxidant parameters were then assessed. Flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and glycosides, but not phenolics were detected by EFE phytochemical analysis. No mortality was recorded on acute exposure of rats to varying concentrations of APAP after 24 h; however, a dose-dependent increase in severity of convulsion, urination, and hyperactivity was observed. APAP overdose induced high AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin levels in the serum, invoked lipid peroxidation, depleted GSH, decreased CAT, SOD, and GST levels, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) level, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, COX-2, MCP-1, and IL-6 were also increased. Importantly, pretreatment of rats with EFE before acetaminophen ameliorated and restored cellular antioxidant status to levels comparable to the control group. Our results show and suggest the hepatoprotective effect of F. exasperata and its ability to modulate cellular antioxidant status supports its use in traditional medicine and renders it safe in treating an oxidative stress-induced hepatic injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ficus exasperata Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage via NF-κB Signaling Mechanism in Experimental Rat Model

Adetuyi¹,

Adebisi

Adetuyi

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“…Exemplifying pharmacological analogues are morphine, heroin and fentanyl, all sharing the same mechanism of action as naturally occurring morphine, albeit with fentanyl exhibiting a distinct chemical structure from the other two. 5 Even though synthetic analogues have a similar biological effect, novel psychoactive substances containing synthetic cannabinoids are often regarded as powerful and hazardous, leading to significant adverse effects. For instance, they have been found to result in more severe neuropsychiatric side effects compared to their natural counterparts.…”

Section: Synthetic Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Synthetic Impurities and Their Significance in Natural Products Quality Control

Nunavath,

Nagappan

2024

Natural Product Communications

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Herbal remedies are widely sought after in developing countries for primary healthcare due to their cost-effectiveness, compatibility with the human body and minimal adverse effects. According to World Health Organization, 80% of the world's population still rely on traditional medicine as their primary health care. Most of the modern drugs in the market such as aspirin, digitoxin, morphine, and quinine are derived through the scientific validation of herbal medicines.Nationally and internationally many of the pharmacopoeias and formularies had incorporated monographs for quality control of herbal species/extracts. These monograph analyses are based on herbal analytical/biological markers. Thus, these markers are gaining importance in the market as they are utilized to standardize and prove the chemical/Biological equivalence of herbal drugs. Thus, herbal drugs are adulterated with these analytical/biological markers for chemical and biological equivalence to match the regulatory requirements. Many of these herbal medicines/dietary supplements are sold in powder form, making them vulnerable to contamination with synthetic analogues. 1 Unfortunately, in today's scenario, most herbal products have not been subjected to a drug approval process to demonstrate their safety and effectiveness.Thus, there is an urge to define specific and novel analytical methods that can identify and quantify the presence of synthetic analogues in herbal medicines/dietary supplements which is evident through the literature for the analysis of herbal medicines for the presence of synthetic analogues. [2][3][4] It is essential to make a qualitative assessment and quantify the synthetic analogue's adulteration to sensitize the regulatory bodies and promote active vigilance on herbal formulations that are prone to adulteration with synthetic analogues. Letter to the Editor

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“…Nowadays, medicinal plants and natural products from plant biodiversity with pharmacological models have been well studied in several countries as alternative therapies for the treatment of various diseases [ 1 , 2 ]. A significant number of presently used antimalarial, antioxidant, anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agents are molecules identified and isolated from plants or functional food plant extracts [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Mung Bean Grown in Burkina Faso

Kabré

Dah-Nouvlessounon

Hama

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Widely used in traditional medicine in Asia and recently introduced in Burkina Faso under the name Beng-tigré, mung bean is a legume consumed throughout the world and more so in India. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the mung bean grown and consumed in Burkina Faso and to study its biological properties such as anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of the natural and sprouted seeds. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was tested on Artemia salina larvae, and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro by albumin denaturation method using diclofenac as reference molecule. The anticancer activity of hydro-ethanol extracts was evaluated on rats made cancerous with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) using 5-fluorouracil as reference molecule. The results showed that the highest yield of the plant extraction was observed with the hydro-ethanol solvent, both for the natural form of mung bean (MBN) and for its sprouted form (MBG). The cytotoxicity test showed no toxicity of the extracts toward shrimp larvae. The ethanolic extract of germinated mung bean seeds gave the highest anti-inflammatory activity at 95.13 ± 0.22% inhibition with significant difference ( p < 0.05 ) between the extracts. Cancer induction with DMH was inhibited by both MBN and MBG extracts. The test of preventive effects of the extracts showed the best activity with significant difference in biochemical results. These results confirm that the mung bean grown in Burkina Faso, as a nontoxic legume, is a functional food that can be integrated into the population’s dietary habits for a double interest. Moreover, they open perspectives for the research of active principles of plant origin with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.

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Synthetic Analogs of Phytochemicals

Cited by 9 publications

References 75 publications

Ficus exasperata Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage via NF-κB Signaling Mechanism in Experimental Rat Model

Ficus exasperata Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Damage via NF-κB Signaling Mechanism in Experimental Rat Model

Identification of Synthetic Impurities and Their Significance in Natural Products Quality Control

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Mung Bean Grown in Burkina Faso

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