Synthesised‐objective collaborative model and its solution algorithm for transmission–distribution coordinated optimisation

A privacy‐preserving approach to day‐ahead TSO‐DSO coordinated stochastic scheduling for energy and reserve

“…The decentralized and hybrid coordination schemes employ distributed optimization methods for scheduling T&D networks, which these methods can be classified into three categories: (i) the methods based on Lagrangian relaxation, including the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) [19] and the analytical target cascading (ATC) method [20][21][22], (ii) optimality condition decomposition (OCD) methods such as heterogeneous decomposition methods [23][24][25][26], (iii) Benders decomposition methods [27,28]. The coordination of T&D operators after major blackouts is investigated in [19], and the ADMM method is used to restore both networks by sharing limited information of border nodes within an iterative process.…”

“…So, the proposed method of [23] is applicable for selling redundant capacity of distribution systems only in one direction to the TSO; however, in practice, a bidirectional power flow is expected between T&D networks. A similar basis is used in [24] and [25] to perform a multi-objective optimization and address the impact of communication delays on the convergence efficiency of the algorithm in the actual operation, respectively. Also, the distributed scheduling of the integrated heat and power energy systems is studied in [26] using heterogeneous optimization.…”

Heterogeneous‐decomposition‐based coordinated optimisation for integrated transmission and distribution networks considering communication conditions

“…Specifically, they must satisfy [12] ∂c axuT ∂x B = h BD (3) ∂c axuD ∂y BD = λ TB (4) where h BD and λ TB are easily obtained from the above two subproblems. Their expressions are presented in [12]. In the conventional sync-HGD, the TSO plays the role of a coordinator, and the specific data flow is shown in Fig.…”

“…The communication process is simulated locally. The detailed optimisation model is presented in [12]. In this section, the weighting factor ω = 0.5.…”

“…Meanwhile, some researchers have also focused on the coordinated analysis of integrated transmission and distribution (I-T&D) networks from different angles in recent years, such as power flow analysis [7][8][9], stability assessment [10], coordinated optimisation [9,[11][12][13][14], etc. Among these areas, I-T&D optimisation is one of the most important research hotspots.…”