Synthesis, structure and optical properties of Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals at room temperature

Fe- and Eu-doped TiO2 Photocatalytical Materials Prepared by High Energy Ball Milling

“…The lowest band gap energy was obtained for TiO 2 : (1 at.% Fe, 0.5 at.% Eu) ball milled for 200 min in air. Previously, a blue shift for increasing Eu doping concentration in TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized by sol-gel technique with hydrothermal treatment was reported [16]. In the case of our samples a shift of about 12.5 nm is obtained for 1 at.% Fe doping and the addition of 0.5 at.% Eu adds more than 5 nm to the absorption edge red shift.…”

“…TiO 2 is a wide gap semiconductor (*3 eV) being active in ultraviolet (UV) region only, which is limited to a few percents of the total natural light. Doping with transition metals (mainly Fe [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]) or rare earths [14][15][16] was extensively used to extend the optical absorption of TiO 2 -based photocatalysts to the visible-light region. Doped titania exhibits temporary trapping of the charge carriers photogenerated by the dopant ions, causing a delay of their recombination; this phenomenon considerably improves the photocatalytic activity of the doped materials with respect to the undoped ones [6,8,[11][12][13][14].…”

Synthesis and characterization of Eu3+, Ti4+@ ZnO organosols and nanocrystalline c-ZnTiO3thin films aiming at high transparency and luminescence

“…• C, the luminescence signals were broad for Eu 3+ concentrations from 2.5 to 10%, as already reported for Eu 3+ @TiO 2 nanocrystals [34]. This result reveals that the environment of a rare-earth element in TiO 2 nanomaterials is not as regular as in the bulk crystals, and a similar tendency could be observed in c-ZnTiO 3 nanocrystals.…”

“…As observed previously [10], the majority of these films do not show sharp PL lines characteristic of Eu 3+ in a bulk crystal, reflecting the presence of europium in an amorphous phase or in nanocrystals with the size below 10 nm [32]. The c-ZnTiO 3 nanocrystal growth could be hindered with the increasing Eu 3+ content, likely due to the destabilizing effect of Eu 3+ ions on the surface of a nanocrystal as reported for ZnO or TiO 2 nanocrystals [33,34]. Moreover, Eu 3+ ions could be located not only in the bulk but also at the surface lattice sites of the ZnO materials [32].…”

Eu(III) adsorption on rutile: Batch experiments and modeling

“…The asymmetrical shape and the apparent shape development of the O 1s peak after Eu(III) adsorption indicated that the chemical environments of O were more complex compared to the blank rutile sample. The shifts of binding energies of Ti 2p 1/2 , Ti 2p 3/2 and O 1s indicated that Eu-O-Ti bonds were formed [31]. This was supported by the presence of peaks of Eu 4d after Eu(III) adsorption.…”