Synthesis, properties and evaluation of biological activity of herbicidal ionic liquids with 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoate anion

Abstract

In this study, fourteen new herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) based on MCPB with a 1-alkyl-1-methylpiperidinium cation were synthesized and characterized.

Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships in Herbicidal Ionic Liquids and their Double Salts

“…Moreover, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain, all the MCPA salts were freely miscible with one of the most common chlorinated nonpolar solvents, chloroform. This abnormal behavior can be explained by the fact that ILs are generally immiscible with liquids possessing low dielectric constants ( ϵ r ) . Therefore, none of the obtained HILs dissolved in hexane ( ϵ r =1.9), whereas some were miscible with toluene ( ϵ r =2.4).…”

“…It is notable that 1 b comprising the shortest (butyl) chain in the cation was characterized by a relatively high value, which might be caused by facilitated formation of hydrogen bonds between hydroxy and carboxyl groups present in the ions of this HIL. Further elongation of the alkyl substituent contributed to growth of the analyzed parameter (Figure ), which is consistent with other reports on ILs that explain this phenomenon in terms of the enhancement of van der Waals interactive forces between the neighboring alkyl chains …”

The Effect of Ionic Liquids With (–)-Menthol Derivative Containing a Chloride Anion to Weed

“…The structure of HILs is characterized by at least one ion with confirmed herbicidal properties. These compounds have a high chemical and thermal stability, are less soluble in water and allow to reduce the dose of preparation per hectare, which significantly increase the safety of these preparations, reduce the risk for the natural environment and is economically justified [8][9][10][11].…”

Toxicity of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Iodide Anion: Growth Inhibition and Changes in Pigments Assimilation in Plants

“…Kolejną korzyścią wynikającą ze stosowania HILs, w porównaniu do konwencjonalnych herbicydów, jest możliwość zmniejszenia dawki substancji aktywnej np. poprzez zmianę długości podstawnika, co znacznie podnosi bezpieczeństwo stosowanych preparatów i zmniejsza presję na środowisko naturalne oraz ekonomicznie uzasadnia stosowanie herbicydów w praktyce rolniczej [17][18][19][20].…”