Ten new iridoid glycosides (1–10) and two new monoterpenoids (11 and 12), together with nine known compounds
(13–21), were isolated from the n-butanol extract
of the aerial parts of Anarrhinum pedatum. The structural
characterization of all compounds was performed by spectroscopic analysis,
including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS experiments. The isolates were
assayed for their antiangiogenic activity by two in vivo models, using
zebrafish embryos and chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The
results showed that among the new compounds 6′-O-menthiafoloylmussaenosidic acid-11-(5-O-β-d-fructopyranosyl) ester (9) exhibited the most
potent antiangiogenic activity in both the zebrafish embryos and CAM
assays, reducing the growth of blood vessels. Antiangiogenic effects
were also observed for the known compounds 6-O-nerol-8-oyl-antirrinoside
(13), antirrinoside (14), 6-O-trans- and cis-p-coumaroyl antirrinoside (15), and (6S)-2E-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoic acid
β-glucopyranosyl ester (18).