N-Heterocyclic compounds like 1,2,3-triazoles serve as a key scaffolds among
organic compounds having diverse applications in the field of drug discovery, bioconjugation,
material science, liquid crystals, pharmaceutical chemistry and solid phase organic
synthesis. Various drugs containing 1,2,3-triazole ring which are commonly available in
market includes Rufinamide, Cefatrizine, Tazobactam etc., Stability to acidic/basic hydrolysis
along with significant dipole moment support triazole moiety for appreciable participation
in hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions with biological targets.
Huisgen 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition culminate into a mixture of 1,4 and 1,5-
disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. In 2001, Sharpless and Meldal came across with a copper(I)
catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by cycloaddition between
azides and terminal alkynes. This azide-alkyne cycloaddition has been labelled as a
one of the important key click reaction. Click synthesis describes chemical reactions that are simple to perform,
gives high selectivity, wide in scope, fast reaction rate and high yields. Click reactions are not single specific
reaction, but serve as a pathway for construction of simple to complex molecules from a variety of starting materials.
In the last few decades, 1,2,3-triazoles attracted attention of researchers all over the world because of
their broad spectrum of biological activities. Keeping in view the biological importance of 1,2,3-triazole, in this
review we focus on the various synthetic routes for the syntheisis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This review
involves various synthetic protocols which involves copper and non-copper catalysts, different solvents as
well as substrates. It will boost synthetic chemists to explore new pathway for the development of newer biologically
active 1,2,3-triazoles.