Synthesis of ruthenium polypyridine complexes with benzyloxyl groups and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus

Multi-target antibacterial mechanism of ruthenium polypyridine complexes with anthraquinone groups againstStaphylococcus aureus

“…34,35 Nevertheless, Ru- 1 exhibited more effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus than all of our previously reported Ru( ii ) complexes. 21,22,32 To further explore the antibacterial activity, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the three compounds was determined. As shown in Table 1, the most effective complex Ru- 1 exhibited an MBC value of only 2 μg mL −1 .…”

“…11,12 Due to the rigid octahedral geometry of ruthenium complexes, which has easy structural modification, rich photophysical and electrochemical properties, it may be easier to optimize the binding affinity of cell targets than that of organic drugs. 11,13–15 So far, a series of ruthenium( ii ) complexes have been reported as antibacterial agents, 16–21 and usually ruthenium( ii ) complexes are more potent than their coordination ligands. 22,23 In addition, compared with organic molecules, ruthenium complexes are more likely to exhibit a new antibacterial activity mechanism.…”

Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes and Metronidazole Derivatives: A Powerful Combination in the Design of Photoresponsive Antibacterial Agents Effective under Hypoxic Conditions

“…Recently, the encouraging results obtained in the design of antitumoral agents − have renewed the interest in Ru­(II)-polypyridyl complexes (RPCs), a versatile class of compounds whose antibacterial potential was first reported over 70 years ago. , Their rich chemical–physical repertoire, which includes versatile optical and luminescent properties, capacity to interact with key biological targets, and amenability to synthetic tailoring (just to name a few), has been indeed exploited to develop new classes of antibacterial agents. − Of particular relevance is the combination of RPCs with light in the so-called antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), − a technique that relies on the irradiation of a photosensitizer (RPCs) to promote the generation of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). − Besides ROS sensitization, whose effectiveness against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacteria has been reported, , the main advantage of aPDT consists in the complete spatiotemporal control over the drug activation, which offers the important chance to overcome overdose and side effect issues normally associated with the systemic administration of antimicrobials. However, the reliance of aPDT on molecular oxygen still threatens its application to hypoxic environments, such as anaerobic infections .…”

Synthesis and biological evaluation of ruthenium complexes bearing the 1,2,4-triazole group as potential membrane-targeting antibacterial agents towards Staphylococcus aureus

“…In our previous work, we successfully designed and synthesized a novel series of ruthenium complexes bearing different functional ligands with excellent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and low toxicity. [25][26][27] 1,2,4-Triazole is a promising scaffold with widespread use in the discovery of new drugs due to its remarkable physicochemical advantages in the design of physiologically active molecules capable of interacting with a wide range of biological components. [28][29][30][31] It has been reported that 1,2,4-triazoles are able to interfere with bacterial cell-wall synthesis, leading to the breakdown of infectious organisms, and have the capacity to overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity and improve pharmacokinetic profiles.…”

“…In our previous work, we successfully designed and synthesized a novel series of ruthenium complexes bearing different functional ligands with excellent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and low toxicity. 25–27…”