Approximately 25% of cytoplasmic tRNAs in eukaryotic organisms have the wobble uridine (U34) modified at C5 through a process that, according to genetic studies, is carried out by the eukaryotic Elongator complex. Here we show that a single archaeal protein, the homolog of the third subunit of the eukaryotic Elongator complex (Elp3), is able to catalyze the same reaction. The mechanism of action by Elp3 described here represents unprecedented chemistry performed on acetyl-CoA.

Compressible porous polymeric monoliths could be used as highly efficient formaldehyde and toluene adsorbents.

A photoinduced direct oxidative annulation of 1-aryl-2-(furan/thiophen-2-yl)butane-1,3-diones and ethyl-2-(furan-2-yl)-3-oxo-3-(aryl-2-yl)propanoates in EtOH without the need for any transition metals and oxidants provided access to highly functionalized polyheterocyclic 1-(5-hydroxynaphtho[2,1-b]furan-4-yl)ethanones and 1-(5-hydroxyfuran/thieno/pyrrolo[3,2-e]benzofuran-4-yl)ethanones. The phenomenon of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was observed for both 1-(5-hydroxynaphtho[2,1-b]furan-4-yl)ethanone and 1-(5-hydroxy furan/thieno/pyrrolo[3,2-e]benzofuran-4-yl)ethanone analogues.

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New kinds of mechanically robust, porous polymeric materials with varied internal structures were produced using a newly designed water-in-oil (W/O) gel emulsion as a template. The density, internal structure, and mechanical properties of the porous materials can be easily and largely adjusted by varying the water content and the stabilizer (SiO2) amount in the relevant gel emulsions. Specifically, the density and compressive strength could be changed from 0.19 to 0.96 g/cm3 and from a few MPa to more than 100 MPa, respectively. Importantly, the materials obtained demonstrated unusual low-frequency sound absorption properties. In addition, the gel emulsions created can be used as a new kind of 3D printable material, which allows polymerization after printing. In this way, complicated architectures can be produced.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information can both capture attention. However, some studies have suggested that goal-relevant information is prioritized over evolutionarily threatening information, while some studies have shown the opposite conclusion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attention advantage by presenting evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information simultaneously. Three conditions were presented in this study: evolutionarily threatening information + an irrelevant stimulus, goal-relevant information + an irrelevant stimulus, and evolutionarily threatening information + goal-relevant information. The behavioral results showed no attentional bias toward evolutionarily threatening information in the two conditions including evolutionarily threatening information; in the two conditions including goal-relevant information, participants showed attentional bias toward goal-relevant information in both. However, the ERP results showed that in the two conditions including evolutionarily threatening information, a significantly stronger N2pc response was seen for evolutionarily threatening information than for the other types of pictures, and goal-relevant information produced a significantly stronger N2pc response than that for an irrelevant stimulus. The abovementioned results indicated that in the earlier stage of attention, both evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information have attention processing advantages over irrelevant stimuli; furthermore, attention was captured by evolutionarily threatening information faster than it was by goal-relevant information.

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