Synthesis of phthalimide and succinimide copolymers and their evaluation as flow improvers for an Egyptian waxy crude oil

Al-Sabagh, A.M.; El‐Hamouly, S. H.; Khidr, T. T.; El-Ghazawy, Rasha A.; Higazy, Sh.A.

doi:10.1016/j.ejpe.2013.10.008

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In crude oil A1, the higher concentration of macrocrystalline wax, indicated by GC, favors the formation of larger, more elongated crystals from a higher initial temperature. The reason for this is that, while crystals composed of n -paraffins are much larger, branched paraffins interfere with regular crystal growth. − It may also be possible that the lower proportion of aromatic carbons in this sample, as indicated by NMR, contributes to less steric hindrance in the wax crystal growth process, because crystalline polymers and wax crystals in crude oils are less likely to form when they present bulky substituents. ,, These factors would then facilitate the formation of larger crystals for crude oil A1. However, crude oil A2 presents significantly smaller crystals when cooled from the same initial temperature of 80 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This, in turn, is in accordance with a higher concentration of microcrystalline waxes, as inferred from NMR, GC, and calorimetric results. For example, a higher proportion of microcrystalline domains in the alkyl chains, where the amorphous parts protrude away from the crystal lattice, would inhibit wax crystal growth by steric hindrance. ,,, Furthermore, through the same reasoning, a higher proportion of C ar , H ar , and H dar by NMR may also indicate a higher content of asphaltenes/resins. These fractions have bulky aromatic rings in their chemical structure and are able to participate more actively in wax crystal formation with T i = 80 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fractions have bulky aromatic rings in their chemical structure and are able to participate more actively in wax crystal formation with T i = 80 °C. Hence, they would be more prone to restrain wax crystal growth for oil A2. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…69−71 It may also be possible that the lower proportion of aromatic carbons in this sample, as indicated by NMR, contributes to less steric hindrance in the wax crystal growth process, because crystalline polymers and wax crystals in crude oils are less likely to form when they present bulky substituents. 66,70,72 These factors would then facilitate the formation of larger crystals for crude oil A1. However, crude oil A2 presents significantly smaller crystals when cooled from the same initial temperature of 80 °C.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Wax Precipitation Temperature Measurements Revisited: The Role of the Degree of Sample Confinement

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, the wax precipitation temperature (WPT) measurements of crude oils are revisited. The conventional methods used to assess the WPT of crude oils are analyzed and the results available are discussed in detail. In addition, three methods, namely polarized light microscopy, microdifferential scanning calorimetry (μDSC), and rheometry, are employed to evaluate the WPT of two Brazilian waxy crude oils. It is shown that polarized light microscopy and μDSC are the most suitable methods to assess the WPT of crude oils and that rheometry can only be used for that purpose under very specific circumstances. In particular, the results indicate that rheometry is able to detect the WPT of crude oils only by decreasing the geometry gap to a small enough value. Moreover, it is shown that the degree of sample confinement has a key role on the accuracy of WPT measurements, so that care must be taken when using laboratory data to design field operations. Discussions on the origin of the effects of confinement and on how wax crystal dimensions vary with the initial cooling temperature are also provided.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wax Precipitation Temperature Measurements Revisited: The Role of the Degree of Sample Confinement

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The FT-IR spectra of LEV, PTH, CFA and the resulted cocrystal/salt are presented in Figure 2 . The bands of LEV [ 13 , 15 ], PTH [ 62 ] and CFA [ 63 , 64 ] were assigned based on previously published data. LEV showed characteristics bands in the range of 3450 to 1100 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levofloxacin Cocrystal/Salt with Phthalimide and Caffeic Acid as Promising Solid-State Approach to Improve Antimicrobial Efficiency

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To overcome the issue of multidrug resistant (MDR) microbes, the exploration of ways to improve the antimicrobial efficiency of existing antibiotics is one of the promising approaches. In search of synthons with higher efficiency, in current investigations, cocrystal and amorphous salt of levofloxacin hemihydrate (LEV) were developed with phthalimide (PTH) and caffeic acid (CFA). New materials were characterized with the help of FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Shifting, attenuation, appearance/disappearance and broadening of bands were observed in the FT-IR and Raman spectra of the materials as evidence of the required product. The PXRD diffraction pattern observed for LEV-PTH indicated cocrystal while halo diffractogram of LEV-CFA revealed amorphous nature. DSC/TG analysis confirmed the hydrated nature of the cocrystal/salt. The dissolution rate and antimicrobial activity against selected strains, K.pneumonia, E. coli and S. typhi of parent drug and the new material were compared. The zone of inhibition (ZI) observed for 5 µg LEV-PTH was 30.4 + 0.36 (K. pneumonia), 26.33 + 0.35 (E. coli) and 30.03 + 0.25 mm (S. typhi) while LEV-CFA salt (5 µg) against the same strains inhibited 33.96 ± 0.25, 31.66 ± 0.35 and 27.93 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. These novel formulations enhance the dissolution rate as well as antibacterial efficiency and are expected to be potent against MDR bacterial strains.

show abstract

Depressant and Dispersant Additives for Diesel Fuel. Components, Brands, New Technologies and Developments

Rudyak¹,

Polyanskii²,

Vereshchagina³

et al. 2022

Chem Technol Fuels Oils

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthesis of phthalimide and succinimide copolymers and their evaluation as flow improvers for an Egyptian waxy crude oil

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Wax Precipitation Temperature Measurements Revisited: The Role of the Degree of Sample Confinement

Wax Precipitation Temperature Measurements Revisited: The Role of the Degree of Sample Confinement

Levofloxacin Cocrystal/Salt with Phthalimide and Caffeic Acid as Promising Solid-State Approach to Improve Antimicrobial Efficiency

Depressant and Dispersant Additives for Diesel Fuel. Components, Brands, New Technologies and Developments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About