Depressant and Dispersant Additives for Diesel Fuel. Components, Brands, New Technologies and Developments

Rudyak, K. B.; Polyanskii, K. B.; Vereshchagina, N. V.; Zemtsov, D. B.; Panov, D. M.; Yumasheva, T. M.

doi:10.1007/s10553-022-01444-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Substances used as depressants to improve PP and CFPP can be divided into polymeric (copolymers of ethylene with polar monomers, polymers based on esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, polyolefins, copolymers of maleic anhydride with alpha-olefins, alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins) and organic non-polymeric compounds (alkylnaphthalenes, esters of polyhydric alcohols, esters of dibasic acids, nitrogen-containing compounds, nanohybrid additives and petroleum refining residues) [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the N-Paraffins Addition Effect on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Low-Freezing Diesel Fuels

Titaeva,

Bogdanov,

Titaev

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The use of depressant additives is the most common method for producing diesel fuels with improved low-temperature properties. However, the depressants effectiveness largely depends on the composition of the diesel fuel, in particular on the content of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons, which to the greatest extent determine the low-temperature properties of the fuel. The work revealed the regularities of the n-paraffins addition influence on the depressant additives effectiveness. It was found that the addition of n-paraffins to blends of diesel fuels with depressants in low concentrations (0.05–0.50% wt.) enhances the depressants effectiveness in relation to the cold filter plugging point: maximum at 6–16 °C depending on the diesel fuel sample. It is shown that the effect is observed for DF of various compositions, various depressants, and also n-paraffins of various compositions. It was established that the positive effect of adding n-paraffins increases with the heavier added n-paraffins. Recommendations have been developed for obtaining diesel fuels with improved low-temperature properties and enhancing the depressant additives effectiveness: for a sample of straight-run diesel fuel F1, it is recommended to use a blend of fuel, depressant A1 and 0.50% wt. n-paraffins, separated from heavy gasoil; for a sample of straight-run diesel fuel F2, it is recommended to use a blend of fuel, depressant A2 and 0.50% wt. n-paraffins, separated from heavy gasoil or a blend of fuel, depressant A1 and 0.05% wt. n-paraffins, separated from highly paraffinic oil fraction. The revealed patterns and the developed recommendations will allow increasing the production of low-freezing DF brands, and also offer a resource-efficient option for using heavy gas oil fractions. The results obtained in the work contribute to expanding the understanding of the mechanism of interaction between diesel fuel hydrocarbons and the active ingredients of depressant additives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the N-Paraffins Addition Effect on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Low-Freezing Diesel Fuels

Titaeva,

Bogdanov,

Titaev

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…The rate of the Alder-ene reaction depends significantly on the structure of the chain-end unsaturated fragment; the exo -olefinic group is the most reactive, and low-MW PIB containing >80% methylene fragments are known as highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HRPIBs) ( Scheme 1 a). In addition to manufacturing ashless dispersants [ 11 ], PIB-SAs have found application in the production of antifouling agents, detergents, and corrosion inhibitors [ 12 ]. The synthesis of HRPIBs has been successfully commercialized; they are produced as ULTRAVIS (BP Chemicals, London, UK), GLISSOPAL (BASF) RB HR PIB (RB Products, Inc., Houston, TX, USA), and others, with the use of BF 3 /ROH or BF 3 /H 2 O initiators [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyisobutylenes with Controlled Molecular Weight and Chain-End Structure: Synthesis and Actual Applications

et al. 2023

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The polymerization of isobutylene allows us to obtain a wide spectrum of polyisobutylenes (PIBs) which differ in their molecular weight characteristics and the chemical structure of chain-end groups. The bulk of the PIBs manufactured worldwide are highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HRPIBs) with –C(Me)=CH2 end-groups and low-molecular weights (Mn < 5 kDa). HRPIBs are feedstocks that are in high demand in the manufacturing of additives for fuels and oils, adhesives, detergents, and other fine chemicals. In addition, HRPIBs and CMe2Cl-terminated PIBs are intensively studied with the aim of finding biomedical applications and for the purpose of developing new materials. Both chain control (molecular weight and dispersity) and chemoselectivity (formation of exo-olefinic or –CMe2Cl groups) should be achieved during polymerization. This review highlights the fundamental issues in the mechanisms of isobutylene polymerization and PIB analysis, examines actual catalytic approaches to PIBs, and describes recent studies on the functionalization and applications of HRPIBs and halogen-terminated PIBs.

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Depressant and Dispersant Additives for Diesel Fuel. Components, Brands, New Technologies and Developments

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Study of the N-Paraffins Addition Effect on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Low-Freezing Diesel Fuels

Study of the N-Paraffins Addition Effect on the Effectiveness of Depressant Additives for the Production of Low-Freezing Diesel Fuels

Polyisobutylenes with Controlled Molecular Weight and Chain-End Structure: Synthesis and Actual Applications

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