Synthesis of phenolic resol resins using cornstalk-derived bio-oil produced by direct liquefaction in hot-compressed phenol–water

Wang, Mingcun; Leitch, Mathew; Xu, Chunbao

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2009.09.015

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Figure 1 also demonstrates that with the increase of BOI%, the main exothermic peak of the cure reaction gradually widened. The findings are generally consistent with the reports of similar earlier studies (Wang et al 2009a;Cheng et al 2011Cheng et al , 2012.…”

Section: Thermal Cure Kinetics Of the Synthesized Resinssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A similar pattern of initial decrease and then increase in E of the resin cure reaction was observed with gradual increase of BOI % level in the resin formula. The calculated results for E and n c are similar to the results cited by some earlier studies (Wang et al 2009a;Cheng et al 2011;Cheng et al 2012). As the energy of activation of the cure reaction and the peak temperature of the cure thermograms are directly related with each other, both may be explained on the same grounds.…”

Section: Thermal Cure Kinetics Of the Synthesized Resinssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…1 is probably due to intercondensation of methylol groups, as well as crosslinking of methylol groups with phenolic moieties present in the bio-oil to form methylene and ether bridges, as attributed in earlier studies (Gabilondo et al 2007;Wang et al 2009a;Cheng et al 2011Cheng et al , 2012. The shoulder peaks may be attributed to addition reactions of free monomers and conversion reactions of ether bridges to methylene bridges, as cited by some other studies (Wang et al 2009a;Cheng et al 2011;. As stated by Wang et al (2005) the onset/peak/end temperatures of the thermal cure of the resol resins may be regarded as gel temperature, curing temperature, and postcure temperature, respectively.…”

Section: Thermal Cure Kinetics Of the Synthesized Resinsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The thermal cure kinetics of the resin samples were studied by the dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method (DSC 1, Mettler-Toledo, Switzerland) at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min) under a 50 mL/min N2 flow, as reported by earlier studies (Wang et al 2009a;Cheng et al 2011). Multiple heating rates were used to avoid the possible inconsistency in results due to use of a single heating rate (Park et al 1999;Vázquez et al 2002).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Synthesized Resin Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cure Kinetics, Bonding Performance, Thermal Degradation, and Biocidal Studies of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Crude Bio-oil Prepared from Ziziphus mauritiana Endocarps

2014

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Crude bio-oil, extracted from endocarp bio-waste of Ziziphus mauritiana by direct liquefaction (ethanol-water 1:1 w/w; 300 °C), was used to replace petro-phenol (30% to 75% w/w) in the development of bio-oilphenol formaldehyde (BPF) resol resins. Cure kinetics of the BPF resins were studied by the DSC method, while the thermal degradation was studied by the TGA method. Bonding performance of the BPF resins was measured by single lap-shear method, while biocidal properties were investigated by antifungal index (%) and termite mortality (%) test. The DSC studies revealed that beyond 45% bio-oil incorporation (BOI), the curing process of the BPF resins got deferred. The TGA studies showed that BOI decreased the thermal stability of the BPF resins by lowering the decomposition temperatures and the char residue. The measured values of antifungal index (%) and termite mortality (%) revealed that incorporation of bio-oil enhanced the fungal and termite resistance of the resins. From data of thermal cure, bonding strength, thermal stability, and biocidal properties of the BPF resins it appears that petro-phenol could be substituted by up to 45% w/w of crude bio-oil safely in the development of bio-oil-phenol formaldehyde resol resins.

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Section: Thermal Cure Kinetics Of the Synthesized Resinssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Thermal Cure Kinetics Of the Synthesized Resinssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Thermal Cure Kinetics Of the Synthesized Resinsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Characterization Of the Synthesized Resin Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cure Kinetics, Bonding Performance, Thermal Degradation, and Biocidal Studies of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Crude Bio-oil Prepared from Ziziphus mauritiana Endocarps

2014

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“…Compared with direct liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass in hot compressed or supercritical solvents [7,8], fast pyrolysis (including vacuum fast pyrolysis, plasma assistant fast pysolysis, flash pysolysis, etc) was one more effective method to get bio-oils ideal for the production of phenolic resins [9,10,11]: no use of phenol or ethanol solvents, efficient cost, facile operation for large scale production, low molecules and ideal components (chemicals rich in phenolic compounds, and viscosity suitable for resin production).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Pyrolysis Biomass Oil as the Substitute of Phenol for the Synthesis of Resol Resin as Wood Adhesive

Fu-xia¹,

Kong²,

Sun³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2nd 2016 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD 2016)

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Abstract-The bio-oil from fast pyroysis of cornstalks was used as the substitute for phenol to synthesize resol resins as aln ideal candidate of wood adhesives. The effects of formaldehyde/phenol (F/P) molar ratios and bio-oil/phenol (O/P) weight ratios on rheology, thermal cure, thermal resistance and adhesion of plywoods were investigated. With an increase in bio-oil addition, the gel time became longer, and the thermal cure exothermic temperature shifted slightly higher. It was found that the bio-resol resin with bio-oil/phenol=1/2(wt) and F/P=1.5(mol) had the best comprehensive properties. The plywoods pr°C essed with bio-resol adhesives were consistent with the plywood standards of E0 and type I *.

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Bio‐oil from whole‐tree feedstock in resol‐type phenolic resins

Chaouch

Diouf

Laghdir

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Renewable chemicals are of growing importance in terms of opportunities for environmental concerns over fossil-based chemicals. Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into energy and chemicals via thermal and biological processes. Among all the transformation processes available, fast pyrolysis is the only one to produce a high yield of a liquid-phase product called bio-oil or pyrolysis oil. Bio-oil is considered to be a promising substitute for phenol in phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis. In this work, bio-based phenolic resins have been formulated, partially substituting phenol by bio-oils from two Canadian whole-tree species. The new resins are produced by replacing 25, 50, and 75% of phenol with bio-oil for each species (three bioresins per species). The aim of this study is to synthesize renewable resins with competitive price and satisfactory quality. The results obtained have shown that substitution degree up to 50% provided reactivity and performance equal or superior to the pure PF resin. They also present a good storage stability, improved shear strength, and thermal stability comparable to the pure PF. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40014.

show abstract

Synthesis of phenolic resol resins using cornstalk-derived bio-oil produced by direct liquefaction in hot-compressed phenol–water

Cited by 43 publications

References 24 publications

Cure Kinetics, Bonding Performance, Thermal Degradation, and Biocidal Studies of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Crude Bio-oil Prepared from Ziziphus mauritiana Endocarps

Cure Kinetics, Bonding Performance, Thermal Degradation, and Biocidal Studies of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Modified with Crude Bio-oil Prepared from Ziziphus mauritiana Endocarps

Fast Pyrolysis Biomass Oil as the Substitute of Phenol for the Synthesis of Resol Resin as Wood Adhesive

Bio‐oil from whole‐tree feedstock in resol‐type phenolic resins

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