Synthesis of novel monoazo benzotriazole dyes specifically for surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering‡

Graham, Duncan; McAnally, Gerard; Jones, Joanna C.; Smith, W. Ewen

doi:10.1039/a801289j

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is known that the benzotriazole moiety forms a polymeric silver complex with the surface of silver; indeed, benzotriazole itself is commonly used as an anti-tarnishing agent 28 . Work by our group has established that the attachment of the GM-19 dye onto silver is essentially irreversible and that the dye remains in position over a wide range of experimental conditions and concentrations, allowing highly reproducible analysis [23][24][25][26][27] . The dye is easily applied, typically as a weak methanolic solution (10 -6 M in this work); adsorption is almost 100% and the observed SERS signal is usually significant on SERS active substrates, due to the large spontaneous Raman cross-section of the dye.…”

Section: Photodeposition Of Ag On Tio 2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SERS activities of all the Ag films described above were then tested using the SERS probe, benzotriazole dye: 3,5-dimethoxy-4-(5-azobenzotriazole) phenylamine, which will be referred to throughout as GM19, since it was the nineteenth benzotriazole derivative synthesised by the group for work with SERS and SERRS [23][24][25][26][27] . GM-19 has proved highly effective as a SERS and SERRS probe dye.…”

Section: Photodeposition Of Ag On Tio 2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO₂ Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

et al. 2004

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Novel Ag on TiO 2 films are generated by semiconductor photocatalysis and characterised by UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, AFM as well as assessed for SERS activity. The nature and thickness of the photodeposited Ag, and thus the degree of SERS activity, is controlled by the time of exposure of the TiO 2 film to UV light. All such films exhibit the optical characteristic (λmax ≅ 390 nm) of small (<20nm) Ag particles, although this feature becomes less prominent the thicker the film. The films comprise quite large (>40nm) Ag islands that grow and merge with increasing levels of Ag photodeposition.Tested with a benzotriazole dye probe, the films are SERS active; exhibiting a similar activity as that of 6nm thick vapour-deposited films. The Ag/TiO 2 films exhibit a lower residual standard deviation (ca. 25%) compared with Ag vapour-deposited films (ca. 45%), which is, however, still unacceptable for quantitative work. The sample-to-sample variance could be reduced significantly (<7%) by spinning the film during the SERS measurement. The Ag/TiO 2 films are mechanically robust and resistant to removal and damage by scratching, unlike the Ag vapour-deposited films. The Ag/TiO 2 films also exhibit no obvious loss of SERS activity when stored in the dark under otherwise ambient conditions. The possible extension of this simple, effective, method of producing Ag films for SERS, to metals other than Ag, and to semiconductors other than TiO 2 , is briefly discussed.

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Section: Photodeposition Of Ag On Tio 2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photodeposition Of Ag On Tio 2 Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO₂ Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

et al. 2004

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“…Reproducibility of spectra from Raman reporters used in SERS-based immunoassays is extremely important to obtain reliable results. Benzotriazole dyes adsorb onto silver nanoparticle surfaces in the same orientation irrespective of concentration, resulting in reproducible Raman spectral intensities (49). This is attributable to steric hindrance presented by covalent interactions between N 1 and N 3 lone electron pairs with the silver surface (50,51).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosensing protein allostery using a bivalent mouse double minute two (MDM2) assay

Robson

Hupp

Lickiss

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is either mutated or absent in >50% of cancers and is negatively regulated by the mouse double minute (MDM2) protein. Understanding and inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction are, therefore, critical for developing novel chemotherapeutics, which are currently limited because of a lack of appropriate study tools. We present a nanosensing approach to investigate full-length MDM2 interactions with p53, thus providing an allosteric assay for identifying binding ligands. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active nanoparticles, functionalized with a p53 peptide mimic (peptide 12.1), display biologically specific aggregation following addition of MDM2. Nanoparticle assembly is competitively inhibited by the N-terminal MDM2-binding ligands peptide 12.1 and Nutlin-3. This study reports nanoparticle assembly through specific protein-peptide interactions that can be followed by SERS. We demonstrate solution-based MDM2 allosteric interaction studies that use the full-length protein.assay system | biosensing | nano-assembly | protein interaction studies | Raman spectroscopyT he p53 tumor suppressor protein is often referred to as the "guardian of the genome" owing to its key role in cell-cycle regulation and its activity in a number of different cancer pathways (1-3). The antiproliferative action of p53 arises from the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in cells subjected to DNA damage in response to stress. As such, p53 is central to protecting cells from uncontrolled growth and malignant transformation with inactivation or mutation of p53 found in over 50% of human cancers (1-3). Under nonstressed conditions, mouse double minute (MDM)2 negatively regulates p53, primarily through the ubiquitin degradation pathway but also via transrepression (4, 5). Studies have shown up-regulation of MDM2 in malignancies where p53 is fully functional, making the MDM2-p53 feedback loop of great interest in chemotherapeutic studies (6, 7).MDM2 is a multidomain protein that exerts E3-ligase activity on a number of proteins, including p53 (5, 8, 9). The ubiquitination activity of MDM2 is a multisubunit process whereby the N-terminal hydrophobic pocket and central acidic domain of MDM2 are used in p53 binding, to the N-terminal and central domains of p53, respectively (10). The complexity of this multisubunit interaction makes it relatively difficult to investigate the allosteric nature of MDM2. This is made more difficult by the problems in acquiring a structure of full-length MDM2 because of intrinsically disordered regions on the protein that reduce likelihood of crystallization. Focus solely on the N-terminal domain of MDM2 has identified Nutlin-3-type molecules that activate p53 in cells; however, these also act as allosteric agonists that stimulate rather than inhibit p53 ubiquitination (10-15). The putative dimerization of MDM2 through the C-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) domain is reported to be critical for E3-ligase activity; however, molecular reasoning for this is not f...

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“…Although, non-invasivity is a key attraction of Raman spectroscopy, the overall outcome is that the technique is reliant on spectral signatures from the intrinsic components of the interrogated system, which in biological matrices tend to be weak, inefficient scatterers and spectrally similar, [53] such that subtle differences must be discerned by the incorporation of chemometric methods. SERS unlike Raman is not reliant on native chromophores and a vast array of efficient scattering molecules, [54][55][56][57][58][59] with large Raman cross sections, can be conjugated to metallic scaffolds for the provision of distinct, optically strong, spectral signatures. By capitalising on this conferred enhancement, through the implementation of a metal surface and superior reporting moieties, the measured spectral intensities can be significantly enhanced.…”

Section: Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Sers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): Potential applications for disease detection and treatment

McAughtrie

Faulds

Graham

2014

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Re

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/49189/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the +44 (0) Highlights: A range of diseases can be detected by Raman and SERS in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo  In vivo multiplexed detection of cancer was achieved  SERS is also a key step in disease treatment  Studies must be further extended to a physiologically relevant medium and in vivo  The potential exists for the application of the techniques in a clinical setting

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Synthesis of novel monoazo benzotriazole dyes specifically for surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering‡

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO₂ Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO₂ Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Nanosensing protein allostery using a bivalent mouse double minute two (MDM2) assay

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): Potential applications for disease detection and treatment

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Synthesis of novel monoazo benzotriazole dyes specifically for surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering‡

Cited by 68 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO2 Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO2 Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Nanosensing protein allostery using a bivalent mouse double minute two (MDM2) assay

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): Potential applications for disease detection and treatment

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Product

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Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO₂ Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Characterization of Novel Ag on TiO₂ Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering