Synthesis of nitrogen-doped onion-like carbon and its use in carbon-based CoFe binary non-precious-metal catalysts for oxygen-reduction

Highly efficient cathode catalyst layer based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

“…Wu et al [61] found similar results with N-doped graphene nanoplatelets, which contained very little Fe (0.6 a%) and no Co residues on the surface of the catalyst. The catalyst showed somewhat poorer performance than a Pt catalyst (80 mV lower potential at 0.1 A cm -2 ) and good stability over 400 h (voltage loss of 100 µV h -1 ).…”

“…graphene [10,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], carbon nanotubes [11,20,21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], carbon nanofibers [12,[44][45][46][47], mesoporous carbon [15,22], graphitic carbon [48,49], carbon spheres [19,[50][51][52][53], carbon nanocages 4 [54], flower-like carbon [55], carbon aerogel [56,57], vesicular carbon [58], nanodiamonds [59]) relatively few have been tested in actual fuel cell conditions [58,[60][61][62]…”

Size-controlled large-diameter and few-walled carbon nanotube catalysts for oxygen reduction

“…5,[9][10][11][12] Recently, highly graphitized nitrogendoped nanocarbon materials derived from nitrogen-carbon precursors via a high-temperature approach in the presence of transition metals (TMs, e.g., Fe, Co, Ni) have attracted substantial attention due to their exceptionally high activity and stability compared to other NPMC formulations. 1,3,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] According to other researchers and ourselves, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] in situ formation of graphitized carbon nanostructures in the M-N-C catalysts is a critical factor dictating active site generation and is linked to the measured ORR activity. The currently prepared carbon nanostructures in M-N-C catalysts include tubes, onion-like carbon, and platelets (multi-layered graphene).…”

“…The currently prepared carbon nanostructures in M-N-C catalysts include tubes, onion-like carbon, and platelets (multi-layered graphene). 23,24,26 They can be well controlled by carefully choosing the nitrogencarbon and transition metal precursors and processing methods. [25][26][27][28] The studied nitrogen-carbon precursors included polyaniline, ethylenediamine, melamine, and cyanamide.…”

“…23,24,26 They can be well controlled by carefully choosing the nitrogencarbon and transition metal precursors and processing methods. [25][26][27][28] The studied nitrogen-carbon precursors included polyaniline, ethylenediamine, melamine, and cyanamide. 3,5,13,26 A more specific hypothesis to explain the role of carbon structures in catalysts is that they may serve as a matrix for hosting active nitrogen or metal moieties.…”