Highly efficient cathode catalyst layer based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Kanninen, Petri; Borghei, Maryam; Sorsa, Olli; Pohjalainen, Elina; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Ruiz, Virginia; Kallio, Tanja

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.03.041

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…There are some studies which have reduced the dependence on noble Pt catalyst due to their cost and material constraints. Kanninen et al synthesized FWCNT on their own, extracted them with nitrogen, and used them as a catalyst for PEMFC. The single cell of PEMFC with the FWCNT has shown higher maximum power density of 0.73 mW cm −2 compared Pt/C that only 0.18 mW cm −2 .…”

Section: Carbon Allotropes In Fuel Cell Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

2019

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Summary The performance of allotrope carbon materials has been explored because of their superior properties in energy system applications. This review provides an understanding of the current work focusing on the applications of selected carbon materials in important energy systems, focus on thermal interface materials (TIMs), and fuel cell applications. This article begins with the introduction of TIMs and fuel cell in general working principle and presents details on carbon materials. The discussion focuses on updates from the latest research work and addresses current challenges and opportunities for research toward TIMs and fuel cell applications. The optimum performance of TIMs was seen when thermal conductivity achieved at a maximum of 3000 W (m K)−1 by using vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a minimum internal thermal resistance of 0.3 mm2 K W−1. Meanwhile for fuel cell, the platinum/CNTs catalyst applied proton exchange membrane fuel cell achieved high power density of 661 mW cm−2 in the presence of Nafion electrolyte membrane. This review provides insights for scientists about the use of carbon materials, especially in energy system applications.

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Section: Carbon Allotropes In Fuel Cell Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

2019

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“…NFW-F-900 provided a maximum power density of 0.75 mW cm -2 which is higher than that of the Pt-C catalyst (0.70 mW cm -2 ). In addition, our further fuel cell characterization showed that when the 51 more practical oxidant (air flow) was used at the cathode, N-FWCNTs exhibited significantly superiour performance (0.73 mW cm -2 ) compared to the Pt-C catalyst (0.18 mW cm -2 ) [138]. …”

Section: Fuel Cell Measurements With N-fwcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Borghei

Azcune

Carrasco

et al. 2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are great candidates for portable power source applications. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics are key challenges in DMFC technology. The state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are Pt-based catalysts supported on carbon black. However, the high price of Pt, corrosion of carbon support and Pt degradation are the main problems.In this thesis, carbon nanomaterials, namely few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs) and graphitized nanofibers (GNFs) were used as catalyst supports in the search for stable and durable catalysts. PtRu nanocatalysts with similar particle size and composition were synthesized and deposited on FWCNTs and GNFs. The electrochemical activities for methanol oxidation were compared with that of PtRu-carbon black in acidic conditions. The half-cell electrochemical measurements revealed higher activity with PtRu-GNFs and PtRu-FWCNTs. Later, the electrocatalysts were tested in macro-and micro-DMFC. The results revealed the significant influence of the catalyst support, inomer contect, electrode structure, preparation method, as well as the fuel cell architecture on the performance of a specific electrode material. The results also highlighted the necessity of electrode composition optimization when applying new materials at the electrodes, in order to achieve the best activity and durability for a certain electrocatalyst.A special effort was also done to achieve Pt-free electrocatalysts with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by introducing nitrogen heteroatoms in carbon nanomaterials, namely FWCNTs and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). N-FWCNTs exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline media, despite their very low nitrogen content (~0.5 at.%). N-FWCNTs performed on par or better than a commercial Pt-C at the cathode of an alkaline DMFC. The N-GNPs exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ORR compared to pristine GNPs in alkaline media. The results indicated that N-doped carbon nanomaterials could be promising alternatives to their Pt counterparts to reduce fuel cell costs. However, further investigations are necessary to ascertain the real active sites in order to design more efficient and durable ORR electrocatalysts.Keywords Carbon nanomaterials, PtRu catalysts, nitrogen-doping, direct methanol fuel cell ISBN (printed) 978-952-60-6140-5 ISBN (pdf) 978-952-60-6141-2

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“…These results show that the N-doped carbon nanomaterials are suitable replacements for Pt-based catalysts in alkaline fuel cells. With N-MWCNT, the power densities reached are even higher than with the nitrogendoped few-walled carbon nanotubes (0.78 mW cm −2 at 50 °C) [68] or commercial Pt/C (0.32 mW cm −2 at 30 °C) [69] studied in similar systems based on FAA membranes. The performance is also in the same range as with a radiation-grafted ETFE anion-exchange membrane based alkaline DMFC with 4 mg cm −2 catalyst loading (1.5 mW cm −2 at 50 °C) [70].…”

Section: Dmfc Performance Of N-flg/mwcnt and N-mwcnt Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly active nitrogen-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Kruusenberg

Ratso

Vikkisk

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Highly efficient cathode catalyst layer based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Cited by 32 publications

References 93 publications

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

Nitrogen-doped graphene with enhanced oxygen reduction activity produced by pyrolysis of graphene functionalized with imidazole derivatives

Highly active nitrogen-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

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