Synthesis of nanostructured vanadium powder by high-energy ball milling: X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy characterization

Krishnan, Vinoadh Kumar; Sinnaeruvadi, Kumaran

doi:10.1080/09500839.2016.1242875

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Incidentally, these authors showed that the grain size can reach values as low as 10 nm, but the system does not reach an amorphous state [16]. Krishnan et al ball milled pure vanadium with different milling agents that reacted with the metal and altered the microstructure [17]. Hout et al produced TiV 0.9 Mn 1.1 by ball milling [18], while Lototskyy could obtain ferrovanadium [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Synthesis and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of a V-Ni Alloy

et al. 2022

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Vanadium can store large quantities of hydrogen (about 4 mass%). However, only half of it can be reversibly absorbed. To avoid this issue, various partial substitutions were previously proposed, such as Ni. In this work, we explore the synthesis of a V85Ni15 alloy by means of ball milling, a simpler and more scalable method compared to arc or induction melting usually applied for metal alloys. After ball milling the powders of the pure metals for 15 h in argon, SEM–EDX measurements confirmed the stoichiometry of the synthesized material, which has a typical particle dimension of the order of a few microns and is composed from the coalescence of nanometric primary particles. XRD indicated a BCC crystalline structure with a typical grain size of ≈3 nm. Hydrogen can be absorbed without activation procedures at high temperatures. Up to H/M ≈ 0.08, one can observe the occurrence of a solid solution of hydrogen in the alloy, while at a higher hydrogen content, the formation of a hydride is likely to occur. The maximum hydrogen content is H/M ≈ 0.4 at the maximum investigated pressure in this study of p ≈ 45 bar. Both the hydrogenation enthalpy and entropy decrease as the hydrogen content increases, and the shape of the sorption isotherms is different from that of V85Ni15 produced by induction melting, possibly because of the nanometric dimensions of the particles produced by ball milling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Synthesis and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of a V-Ni Alloy

et al. 2022

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“… [20] In an attempt to reach an economical and environmentally friendly solution on this matter, the present work describes a simple, fast, dry, cost‐effective, safe and clean method to get thermochromic VO 2 particles from a metallic V precursor that is commercially available at a cheaper price than vanadium dioxide nanoparticles, [21] and which can be obtained massively by economic routes, as for example, by high‐energy ball milling. [22] Note that if needed for modulating the MIT temperature, this method is compatible with doping, for example by a preimpregnation of V with diluted cation salts (W, Mo, Nb, Ge. ), and in this way, tungsten doping is demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Route for the Easy Production of Thermochromic VO₂ Nanoparticles

Santos

Escanciano

Suárez‐Llorens

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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In this work, a simple, fast and dry method for the fabrication of a thermochromic product with a high load of VO 2 (M1) consisting of the controlled heat treatment of pure vanadium nanoparticles in air is presented. After a complete design of experiments, it is concluded that the most direct way to attain the maximum transformation of V into VO 2 (M1) consists of one cycle with a fast heating ramp of 42 °C s À 1 , followed by keeping 700 °C for 530-600 seconds, and a subsequent cooling at 0.05 °C s À 1 . Careful examination of these results lead to a second optimum, even more suitable for industrial production (quicker and less energy-intensive because of its lower temperatures and shorter times), consisting of subjecting V to two consecutive cycles of temperatures and times (625 °C for 5 minutes) with similar preheating (42 °C s À 1 ) but a much faster postcooling ( 8°C s À 1 ). These green reactions only use the power for heating a tube open to atmosphere and a vanadium precursor; without assistance of reactive gases or catalysts, and no special vacuum or pressure requirements. The best products present similar thermochromic properties but higher thermal stability than commercial VO 2 particles. These methods can be combined with VO 2 doping.

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