Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation: A Review

Abstract

Laser ablation is a method for fabricating various kinds of nanoparticles including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, and core shell nanoparticles. In this method, nanoparticles are generated by nucleation and growth of laser-vaporized species in a background gas. The extremely rapid quenching of vapor is advantageous in producing high purity nanoparticles in the quantum size range (< 10 nm). In this review, the formation mechanism of nanoparticles by laser ablation is summarized. Recent progress on the control of nanoparticle size and the challenges for functional nanoparticle synthesis by advanced laser ablation technology are then discussed.

Proof-of-Principle Experiment for Nanoparticle-Assisted Laser Wakefield Electron Acceleration

“…The ablation laser (AL) with a wavelength of 532 nm, 3 ns pulse length and a beam size of 5 mm is focused down into the gas nozzle and ablates the surface of the removable plate. Previously published results 14 have shown that the ablation plume produced by a nanosecond, picosecond or femtosecond laser can contain significant amounts of nanoparticles and micron-sized structures. The density and size of nanoparticles generated through laser ablation depend on the laser fluence, laser pulse length and the type of material ablated.…”

“…We decided to investigate first the feasibility of a simplified NA-LWFA scheme without employing an ALS device. As a source of nanoparticles, we used laser ablation 14 and we integrated it with a supersonic gas jet. This alternative scheme lacks the possibility of controlling the position where the nanoparticle is injected in the plasma wake, but the nanoparticle size and number can be controlled 15 by tuning the fluence of the laser beam used for ablating material.…”

Food waste as a source of value‐added chemicals and materials: a biorefinery perspective

“…Traditionally, methods to synthesize NPs include gas condensation, precipitation, pyrolysis, attrition or, in more recent times, techniques like laser ablation (Kim et al, 2017). Traditionally, methods to synthesize NPs include gas condensation, precipitation, pyrolysis, attrition or, in more recent times, techniques like laser ablation (Kim et al, 2017).…”

“…By definition, nanoparticles (NPs) are mostly inorganic materials with a diameter within the range of 1-100 nm that may show different features owing to their size (or more precisely, surface to volume ratio) than other fine particles of greater size or bulk materials would. Traditionally, methods to synthesize NPs include gas condensation, precipitation, pyrolysis, attrition or, in more recent times, techniques like laser ablation (Kim et al, 2017).…”

Alloy, Janus and core–shell nanoparticles: numerical modeling of their nucleation and growth in physical synthesis

“…Owing to their simplicity and their ability to generate a wealth of structures, physical synthesis methods represent an appealing alternative to more traditional soft chemistry routes and should be crucial to reach an ondemand synthesis of nanomaterials in general [27,32,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Physical synthesis methods include laser ablation [45][46][47][48], flame pyrolysis [49][50][51], or magnetron sputtering [45,52,53] and always start with the production of an initially hot gas. The subsequent cooling renders the system unstable, which leads to the nucleation and growth of the NPs.…”