Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose from pretreated cotton obtained from Bombax ceiba L. and its characterization

Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important ingredient in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. Microcrystalline cellulose was synthesized from the alpha cellulose content of pretreated cotton, Bombax ceiba L. by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The prepared microcrystalline cellulose was characterized by determining some physicochemical properties such as pH, angle of response, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, moisture content etc and compared with commercial-grade microcrystalline cellulose that is used in pharmaceutical industry as excipient. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and FTIR data represented the structure and particle characterization of sample. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the thermal stability of the sample. The results showed that the yield of microcrystalline cellulose was about 85% and compared favorably with the commercial grade microcrystalline cellulose as well as conformed official specifications for microcrystalline cellulose in British Pharmacopeia. It was also found that the duration of acid hydrolysis affected the polymeric form of the processed alpha cellulose.

Evaluation of Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Saccharum officinarum L. (Sugarcane) Leaves as a Disintegrant in Tablet Formulations

“…The peak at 1433, 1367 and 1325 cm -1 was associated with the intermolecular hydrogen bonds at the C group and at the OH in the plane bending vibration. 16 …”

“…The peak at 1433, 1367 and 1325 cm -1 was associated with the intermolecular hydrogen bonds at the C group and at the OH in the plane bending vibration. 16 The spectrum graph of MCC-SC indicates that the sample was successfully derived from the raw plant origin in comparison to commercially available MCC preparation of different plant origin (Figure 1).…”

Chemical modification of cellulose from palm kernel de-oiled cake to microcrystalline cellulose and its evaluation as a pharmaceutical excipient

“…Alpha cellulose mostly found in plant and natural fiber is the well-known raw material for microcrystalline cellulose preparation. Cellulose chain of any fibrous plant consists of a large number of glucose molecules linked together with β-1-4 glycosidic bond (Thoorens et al, 2014;Haque et al, 2015). Generally, three production steps which include delignification, bleaching and hydrolysis are involved in microcrystalline cellulose preparation from natural fiber.…”

“…The dilute acid hydrolysis, hydrochloric and or sulfuric acid for instance, is widely used in industrial scale owing to its reasonable price. During the acid hydrolysis process, acid solution penetrates into voids of amorphous region prior to crystalline region and break down at glycosidic bond of the cellulose thereby leading to small size of crystalline structure in micro scale (Haque et al, 2015). The acid hydrolysis of cellulose produces mainly glucose from the amorphous part (Jahan et al, 2011).…”

“…The preparation of tablets using direct compression method has steadily increased due to the numerous advantages of direct compression technology in tableting, these include economy, elimination of granulation process, and uniformity of particle size and greater stability of tablets on aging (Shangraw, 1984). Currently, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is one of the mostly used direct compression excipient (Setu et al, 2014;Haque et al, 2015). MCC is not only highly compressible but increases the compressibility of other excipients when added in small quantities (Kumar et al, 2001).…”