Metastable h-MoO 3 hexagonal prisms have been fabricated through a simple green ultrasonic-assisted chemical route. After calcination at 440 C for 2 h, the thermodynamically stable a-MoO 3 nanoplate-based rods have been achieved through a process of in situ phase transformation. The as-synthesised products have been characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, UVÀvis diffuse reflection spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The phase transformation from metastable h-MoO 3 to stable a-MoO 3 is observed at 419 C according to the differential scanning calorimetry results. The possible growth mechanism of MoO 3 crystals has been proposed based on the experimental results. The prepared two kinds of MoO 3 samples both display higher photocatalytic performance for degrading rhodamine B compared to that of commercial MoO 3 . In the present system, a-MoO 3 nanoplate-based rods exhibit slightly higher degradation activity than h-MoO 3 hexagonal prisms, which is possibly due to its smaller band gap energy, smaller scale of nanoplate, better adsorption capacity and lower recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes.