“…A decrease in the life cycle can also occur due to the formation of an irreversible Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) [8]. The existence of this SEI disrupts the Li + diffusion process resulting in a decrease in the capacity efficiency value after the charge–discharge cycle [71]. Figure 13 Battery stability performance using BCG48 composite anode.…”
Bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon/graphite composite was successfully synthesised using the hydrothermal method with time variations and characterisation using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray mapping, Gas Sorption Analyzer, and battery performance tests including analysis of electrical conductivity, charge–discharge, and cyclic voltammetry. The formation of bismuth oxide is indicated by the presence of Bi-O and Bi-O-Bi groups and the presence of α-Bi2O3 crystal structure. In addition, based on SEM mapping, bismuth oxide particle is well distributed on the composite having rod-like shape morphology. The best electrochemical behaviour is shown by composite synthesised longer that is 1.35 × 10−2 S.m−1, 285.882 mAhg-1, 131.745 mAhg−1 for electrical conductivity, charge specific capacity, and discharge specific capacity, respectively. These results open a way for the composite as Li-ion battery anode.
“…A decrease in the life cycle can also occur due to the formation of an irreversible Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) [8]. The existence of this SEI disrupts the Li + diffusion process resulting in a decrease in the capacity efficiency value after the charge–discharge cycle [71]. Figure 13 Battery stability performance using BCG48 composite anode.…”
Bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon/graphite composite was successfully synthesised using the hydrothermal method with time variations and characterisation using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray mapping, Gas Sorption Analyzer, and battery performance tests including analysis of electrical conductivity, charge–discharge, and cyclic voltammetry. The formation of bismuth oxide is indicated by the presence of Bi-O and Bi-O-Bi groups and the presence of α-Bi2O3 crystal structure. In addition, based on SEM mapping, bismuth oxide particle is well distributed on the composite having rod-like shape morphology. The best electrochemical behaviour is shown by composite synthesised longer that is 1.35 × 10−2 S.m−1, 285.882 mAhg-1, 131.745 mAhg−1 for electrical conductivity, charge specific capacity, and discharge specific capacity, respectively. These results open a way for the composite as Li-ion battery anode.
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