Electrochemical performance of one-pot hydrothermal-derived bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon/graphite composite

Abstract

Bismuth oxide/commercial activated carbon/graphite composite was successfully synthesised using the hydrothermal method with time variations and characterisation using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray mapping, Gas Sorption Analyzer, and battery performance tests including analysis of electrical conductivity, charge–discharge, and cyclic voltammetry. The formation of bismuth oxide is indicated by the presence of Bi-O and Bi-O-Bi groups and the presence of α-Bi2O3 crystal structure. In addition, based on SEM mapping, bismuth oxide particle is well distributed on the composite having rod-like shape morphology. The best electrochemical behaviour is shown by composite synthesised longer that is 1.35 × 10−2 S.m−1, 285.882 mAhg-1, 131.745 mAhg−1 for electrical conductivity, charge specific capacity, and discharge specific capacity, respectively. These results open a way for the composite as Li-ion battery anode.

Improving the Electrical Conductivity of the Composite Comprising Bismuth Oxide, Activated Carbon, and Graphite for Use as a Battery Anode

“…To this blend, 0.5 g of commercially available AC and 0.1 g of graphite were introduced. The resulting mixture was then introduced into a hydrothermal reactor and subjected to a temperature of 110 °C for a duration of 5 h. During this process, the reactants within the sealed container were heated by rapidly increasing temperature and pressure generated by water [6,15]. The temperature and pressure exerted by the water played a crucial role in facilitating the formation of the composite.…”

“…The XRD characterization results (Fig. 3 [6], commercial AC [15], and graphite [15] The BCG2 composite diffractogram shows that there are sharp peaks that are almost similar to the cubic crystal system (γ-Bi 2 O 3 ), though at low intensity, namely at 2θ values of 30.159°, 32.746°, and 51.788° (JCPDS no. 27-0052).…”

“…Fig 2.FTIR spectra of composite products, pure bismuth oxide[17], commercial AC[15], and graphite[15] …”

“…Fig 3.Diffractograms of composite products, Bi 2 O 3 (JCPDS), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate[6], commercial AC[15], and graphite[15] …”

Dual heteroatom-doped biomass-derived porous carbon anode for superior sodium storage

“…FTIR spectra were used to characterise the functional groups present in NPC/NS-x (figure3(c)). Three peaks located at 3463 cm −1 , 1730 cm −1 , and 1611 cm −1 correspond to the stretching vibrations of O-H (C-H), aromatic C=C, and C=O (C=N) band, respectively[18,19]. The intensity of the peak at 3463 cm −1 decreases with increasing CS(NH 2 ) 2 ratio.…”