Synthesis of Layered Carbonitrides from Biotic Molecules for Photoredox Transformations

Yang, Can; Wang, Bo; Zhang, Linzhu; Liu, Yin; Wang, Xinchen

doi:10.1002/anie.201702213

Cited by 178 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Figure S12 in the Supporting Information gives the room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra. According to the normal PL results, the major emission wavelengths are located ≈450 nm upon excitation at 375 nm for all the samples, which can be assigned to the g‐C 3 N 4 band gap luminescence . Noticeably, a blueshift can be detected from bare g‐C 3 N 4 to 20% MoS 2 /C 3 N 4 in Figure S12a in the Supporting Information; this change can be explained by the effect of MoS 2 loading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C₃N₄ with Vertically Aligned MoS₂ Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

Bian

Yan

et al. 2017

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In artificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, effective incident photon absorption and a high-charge recombination rate are crucial factors influencing the overall efficiency. Herein, a traditional solid-state synthesis is used to obtain, for the first time, novel samples of few-layered g-C N with vertically aligned MoS loading (MoS /C N ). Thiourea and layered MoO are chosen as precursors, as they react under nitrogen atmosphere to in situ produce the products. According to the quasi-Fourier transform infrared reflectance and X-ray diffraction measurements, the detailed reaction process is determined to proceed through the confirmed formation pathway. The two precursor units MoS and C N are linked by MoN bonds, which act as electronic receivers/conductors and hydrogen-generation sites. Density functional theory is also carried out, which determines that the interface sites act as electron-accumulation regions. According to the photoelectrochemical results, MoS /C N can achieve a current of 0.05 mA cm , which is almost ten times higher than that of bare g-C N or the MoS /C N -R reference samples. The findings in the present work pave the way to not only synthesize a series of designated samples but also thoroughly understand the solid-state reaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C₃N₄ with Vertically Aligned MoS₂ Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

Bian

Yan

et al. 2017

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“…Several synthesis methods of gC 3 N 4 have been reported, including solvothermal, [35] chemical vapor deposi tion (CVD), [36] plasma sputtering reaction deposition, [37,38] and thermal polycondensation. [28,39] The choice of precursor exhibits effects on the electronic band struc tures and textual properties of obtained pristine bulk gC 3 N 4 . The nitrogenrich small molecules can polymerize into gC 3 N 4 during a facile calcination process at 450-650 °C.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pristine G-c 3 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

2,009

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Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. Although the photocatalytic technology has got worldwide attention for its eco nomic, clean, safe, and renewable charac teristics, the photocatalytic performance of currently known photocatalysts is still far from commercial applications, especially in solartofuel conversion. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. First, the semiconductor photocatalysts absorb effective photons whose energy (h v ) is equal to or above their bandgap (E g ), resulting in the generation of electronhole pairs. Second, the photogenerated charge carriers separate and transfer to the surface of photocatalysts. Third, the photogenerated electrons and holes partic ipate in reactions of substances adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalysts. [12,13] Thus, the improvements of the three aforementioned processes play impor tant roles in enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Light absorption is the first essential step of photocatalysis process. The traditional anatase phase TiO 2 photocatalyst is active only under UV light with wavelength below 387 nm due to its wide bandgap (3.2 eV). However, solar energy is mainly concentrated in the visible light region, and UV light accounts for less than 4% of the solar spectrum. [7] In order to achieve maximum utilization efficiency of solar energy, the exploration of visiblelightresponsive photo catalysts is an urgent task. Graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4 ) as a promising visiblelightresponsive photocatalyst has received worldwide attention due to its fascinating merits, such as moderate bandgap (≈2.7 eV), proper electronic band structure, nontoxicity, low cost, good stability, and easy preparation. [14][15][16][17][18] Since the first report on photocatalytic H 2 evolution over gC 3 N 4 by Wang et al. in 2009, [19] research endeavors toward improving the photocatalytic performance of gC 3 N 4 based photocatalysts have formed a forefront of photocatalysis research. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Bulk gC 3 N 4 powder can be prepared by the thermal poly condensation of lowcost nitrogencontaining organic pre cursors, e.g., urea, thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, dicyan diamide, guanidine hydrochloride, and so on. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The pure bulk gC 3 N 4 prepared by this method suffers from several shortcomings, including low specific surface area, insufficient visible light utilization, and, particularly, rapid recombination Photocatalysis is considered as one of the promising routes to solve the energy and environmental crises by utilizing solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted worldwide attention due to its visible-light activity, facile synthesis from low-cost materials, chemical stability, and unique layered structure. However, the pure g-C 3 N 4 photocatalys...

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“…[25] Therefore,itisinteresting to combine the copolymer method with ionothermal synthesis to tune the photocatalytic performance of PTI. [25] Therefore,itisinteresting to combine the copolymer method with ionothermal synthesis to tune the photocatalytic performance of PTI.…”

Section: Synthesis Characterization and Application Of Ccns In Watementioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

2019

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Conjugated carbon nitride (CN) is an emerging and promising semiconductor photocatalyst for water photolysis owing to its unique properties. However, the traditional thermally induced polymerization of N‐containing precursors typically produces melon‐based CN solids with amorphous or semi‐crystalline structures with only moderate photocatalytic performance. Many strategies have been developed to prepare crystalline CNs (CCNs), such as high‐temperature and high‐pressure routes, ionothermal synthesis, and microwave‐assisted synthesis. In this Minireview, we summarize the progress that has been made in the synthesis of CCNs and their application in photocatalytic water splitting reactions. Three kinds of CCNs are mainly discussed according to their polymeric subunits. Challenges associated with CCNs and their future development are also included.

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Synthesis of Layered Carbonitrides from Biotic Molecules for Photoredox Transformations

Cited by 178 publications

References 36 publications

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C₃N₄ with Vertically Aligned MoS₂ Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C₃N₄ with Vertically Aligned MoS₂ Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Crystalline Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

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Synthesis of Layered Carbonitrides from Biotic Molecules for Photoredox Transformations

Cited by 178 publications

References 36 publications

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C3N4 with Vertically Aligned MoS2 Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C3N4 with Vertically Aligned MoS2 Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Crystalline Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

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In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C₃N₄ with Vertically Aligned MoS₂ Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

In Situ Synthesis of Few‐Layered g‐C₃N₄ with Vertically Aligned MoS₂ Loading for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Generation

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts