Synthesis of iron oxide (β-fe₂o₃) nanoparticles from Iraqi grapes extract and its biomedical application

Abstract

A synthesis of iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) made using a simple chemical method from a mixture of iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) solution and Iraqi grape extract has applications in the biomedical field. Iraqi grape extract was used to reduce iron (III) chloride salt to iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) NPs. The green synthesis method was cheap, non-toxic, safe, and eco-friendly. The iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) NPs were diagnosed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-VIS spectrophotometry analysis showed the energy gap (Eg) was 2.9 eV. The peak of strong absorption at 526 cm−1 indicated that a Fe-O vibration band was reported on the FT-IR spectrum. The XRD showed the highest peaks at 102 and 222, with average crystallize sizes between 29–37 nm. Besides, XRD spectrum analysis revealed a cubic structure. The surface morphology of the sample, which was identified using the SEM analysis, found the average grain size was from 49 to 50 nm with a cubic shape. After investigating the inhibition of zones, the synthesized (β-Fe2O3) NPs showed antibacterial activity of 18 mm for positive-gram aureus staphylococcus bacteria and 19 mm for negative-gram Escherichia coli baceria.

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