Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in a continuous flow spiral microreactor and Corning® advanced flow™ reactor

Abstract

Abstract:In the present work, synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using continuous flow microreactor (MR) and advanced flow™ reactor (AFR™) has been investigated with evaluation of the efficacy of the two types of MRs. Effect of the different operating parameters on the characteristics of the obtained NPs has also been investigated. The synthesis of iron oxide NPs was based on the co-precipitation and reduction reactions using iron (III) nitrate precursor and sodium hydroxide as reducing agents. The iron oxide NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The mean particle size of the obtained NPs was less than 10 nm at all flow rates (over the range of 20−60 ml/h) in the case of spiral MR, while, in the case of AFR™, the particle size of NPs was below 20 nm with no specific trend observed with the operating flow rates. The XRD and TEM analyses of iron oxide NPs confirmed the crystalline nature and nanometer size range, respectively. Further, magnetic properties of the synthesized iron oxide NPs were studied using electron spin resonance spectroscopy; the resonance absorption peak shows the g-factor values as 2.055 and 2.034 corresponding to the magnetic fields of 319.28 and 322.59 mT for MR and AFR™, respectively.

Bimetallic‐Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification Reaction Forming α‐Acyloxy Ether

“…Meanwhile, the high temperature had a significant impact on the formation of the Fe 2 Ni‐BDC crystal at 180 °C. The XRD result illustrated that there appear some diffraction peaks at 2 θ of 31.8°, 33.1°, 35.1°, 45.2°, and 46.1° suitable with some metal oxides as Fe 2 O 3 (220), Fe 2 O 3 (104), Fe 2 O 3 (110), NiO(200), and Fe 2 O 3 (400) 48–50, 52–54. These results showed that the MOF materials could generate metal oxides when synthesized at high temperature.…”

Imaging Constructs: The Rise of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The obtained nanoparticles are known for their narrow size distribution, uniform shape, improved reproducibility, shorter reaction time, increased yield-formation of pure phase magnetite, and friendly reaction conditions with no extra additives or heating. However, since the field of microfluidics as applied to nanomedicine is still in its infancy, there are several drawbacks associated with this method, namely: surface roughness, limited production rate, possibility of clogging micro-channels, leaks-leading to experimental failure, capillary force and chemical interactions [48,49].…”

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications—A Review

“…T-junction, Y-mixing, capillary, coaxial tubes and different designs of static micromixers are also utilized as microreactors in microfluidic particle formation processes. The phase-homogeneity offers reliable control of reaction parameters, such as temperature and reaction time, which makes continuous microfluidic synthesis suitable for both non-magnetic [67,70], as well as for magnetic nanoparticle production [71][72][73]. Furthermore, the technique is capable for multi-step syntheses and the subsequent modification of the product [74].…”