Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications—A Review

Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

et al. 2022

Magnetotactic bacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms in nature that synthesize intracellular magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes in a gene-controlled way and arrange them in chains. From in vitro to in vivo, we demonstrate that the intact body of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 has potential as a natural magnetic hyperthermia material for cancer therapy. Compared to chains of magnetosomes and individual magnetosomes, the entire AMB-1 cell exhibits superior heating capability under an alternating magnetic field. When incubating with tumor cells, the intact AMB-1 cells disperse better than the other two types of magnetosomes, decreasing cellular viability under the control of an alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in nude mice with neuroblastoma found that intact AMB-1 cells had the best antitumor activity with magnetic hyperthermia therapy compared to other treatment groups. These findings suggest that the intact body of magnetotactic bacteria has enormous promise as a natural material for tumor magnetic hyperthermia. In biomedical applications, intact and living magnetotactic bacteria play an increasingly essential function as a targeting robot due to their magnetotaxis.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetosomes derived from MTB have been examined for heat generation. 9,10 Heating efficiency is larger than chemically manufactured magnetic nanoparticles when the field amplitude is relatively low. 11 Magnetosomes were then used for oncotherapy in an AMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Magnetotactic Bacteria Enable the Inhibition of Neuroblastoma under an Alternating Magnetic Field

Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

et al. 2022

“…However, using MNPs makes it possible to have remote control over cellular processes [131]. The dispersed MNPs entrapped in the scaffold matrix can be stimulated by a static or alternated external magnetic field, and the effects that such stimulation has on the cells can be different [131,138,210,211]. Magnetic cell stimulation is typically mediated by the action of mechanical forces that apply to the cell membrane and activate specific molecular signaling pathways in a process known as mechano-transduction [131,212].…”

Section: Mnps For Scaffold Enrichment and Release Of Drug/cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if tremendous progress was recently achieved in the MCs' development, the actual applicability of these systems needs to be discussed. MNPs have received FDA approval and have been commercialized for use as MRI contrast agents and hyperthermia [211,380]. Nevertheless, their use in magnetic targeting is not yet at a stage of clinical relevance.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro/Nanosystems for Magnetic Targeted Delivery of Bioagents

et al. 2022

Targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals is promising for efficient disease treatment and reduction in adverse effects. Nano or microstructured magnetic materials with strong magnetic momentum can be noninvasively controlled via magnetic forces within living beings. These magnetic carriers open perspectives in controlling the delivery of different types of bioagents in humans, including small molecules, nucleic acids, and cells. In the present review, we describe different types of magnetic carriers that can serve as drug delivery platforms, and we show different ways to apply them to magnetic targeted delivery of bioagents. We discuss the magnetic guidance of nano/microsystems or labeled cells upon injection into the systemic circulation or in the tissue; we then highlight emergent applications in tissue engineering, and finally, we show how magnetic targeting can integrate with imaging technologies that serve to assist drug delivery.

“…However, despite extensive washing magnetically enriched magnetosomes still contained numerous contaminating proteins from other cellular fractions [ 223 ]. The use of nano and microfluidic technologies can be adapted for the study and isolation of magnetosomes and MTB [ 220 , 223 , 224 ].…”

Section: Biogenic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensors and Drug Delivery in Oncotheranostics Using Inorganic Synthetic and Biogenic Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2022

Magnetic nanocarriers have attracted attention in translational oncology due to their ability to be employed both for tumor diagnostics and therapy. This review summarizes data on applications of synthetic and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in oncological theranostics and related areas. The basics of both types of MNPs including synthesis approaches, structure, and physicochemical properties are discussed. The properties of synthetic MNPs and biogenic MNPs are compared with regard to their antitumor therapeutic efficiency, diagnostic potential, biocompatibility, and cellular toxicity. The comparative analysis demonstrates that both synthetic and biogenic MNPs could be efficiently used for cancer theranostics, including biosensorics and drug delivery. At the same time, reduced toxicity of biogenic particles was noted, which makes them advantageous for in vivo applications, such as drug delivery, or MRI imaging of tumors. Adaptability to surface modification based on natural biochemical processes is also noted, as well as good compatibility with tumor cells and proliferation in them. Advances in the bionanotechnology field should lead to the implementation of MNPs in clinical trials.