Micro/Nanosystems for Magnetic Targeted Delivery of Bioagents

Abstract

Targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals is promising for efficient disease treatment and reduction in adverse effects. Nano or microstructured magnetic materials with strong magnetic momentum can be noninvasively controlled via magnetic forces within living beings. These magnetic carriers open perspectives in controlling the delivery of different types of bioagents in humans, including small molecules, nucleic acids, and cells. In the present review, we describe different types of magnetic carriers that can serve as drug delivery platforms, and we show different ways to apply them to magnetic targeted delivery of bioagents. We discuss the magnetic guidance of nano/microsystems or labeled cells upon injection into the systemic circulation or in the tissue; we then highlight emergent applications in tissue engineering, and finally, we show how magnetic targeting can integrate with imaging technologies that serve to assist drug delivery.

Magnetic delivery and ultrasound-responsive release of chelating microcapsules for selective removal of urolithiasis

“…The velocities of the microcapsules measured were 0.3 mm s −1 (0.1 wt% Fe 3 O 4 ), 0.6 mm s −1 (0.5 wt% Fe 3 O 4 ), and 1.3 mm s −1 (1 wt% Fe 3 O 4 ), which depended on the encapsulated amounts of magnetic NPs as expected. 27 Moreover, the microcapsules generated by a droplet microfluidic method showed uniform behavior with low velocity variation (<2%) and high encapsulation efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 NPs (>94%) (Fig. 3A and S10 †).…”

Biodegradable calcium carbonate carriers for the topical delivery of clobetasol propionate

“…38 The porosity of vaterite CaCO 3 particles offers a high loading capacity and possibility of its adjustment (ranging from less than 1 to more than 40% w/w) by varying the drug immobilization protocol. 39,40 The ability to control the porosity, 38,41 size, and shape 42 of such carriers by varying their synthesis conditions, in combination with a broad range of techniques available for cargo loading, 43 enables the customization of the carriers depending on the cargo type and the task at hand. Moreover, the vaterite crystalline form of CaCO 3 is metastable that is exploited as a benefit when designing degradable systems for biomedical applications.…”

“…Moreover, the vaterite crystalline form of CaCO 3 is metastable that is exploited as a benefit when designing degradable systems for biomedical applications. 43 Vaterite-based systems are quite stable in the dry state and can be stored as a powder for a long time. Their instability manifests itself in contact with water 44 and can be tuned to control the release profile of the incorporated cargo.…”

Strategies for Anisotropic Fibrillar Hydrogels: Design, Cell Alignment, and Applications in Tissue Engineering

“…In vivo, most extracellular matrices (ECMs) are formed by a hydrogel-like network of fibrous proteins (collagen, fibronectin, elastin) that are embedded in the matrix of proteoglycans and polysaccharides . Consequently, researchers have developed a variety of synthetic hydrogels that resemble biological tissues and can be used for regenerative medicine purposes: implants for all tissue types and drug delivery. − However, for a successful application, hydrogels need to have the required architecture and adhesive and mechanical properties. ,− The adhesive and mechanical properties of the hydrogel were determined by functionalization with polymers and colloidal particles. − A polymer additive could provide a double mesh formation . Nano- and microparticles embedded in the hydrogel mesh can act as binding sites for cells and improve cell adhesion …”