Synthesis of in situ immobilized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) on microcrystalline cellulose: Ecofriendly and recyclable catalyst for Michael addition

Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose-immobilized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @MCC) with iron loading 5%-20% are synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized nanocomposites were studied for their catalytic activity towards Michael addition reaction by employing 1,3-cyclohexadione/dimedone and styrylisoxazole in an aqueous ethanolic medium. The catalyst with 15% iron loading showed the highest efficiency with an excellent yield. Michael addition reaction is one of the most important reaction for the creation of a carbon-carbon bond and widely used in organic synthesis under mild condition. The prepared catalyst performed well in Michael addition reaction and afforded the product in excellent yield. The

Microcrystalline Cellulose Decorated with Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Thioglyoxamides

“…It is endowed with some unique attributes, namely, its natural abundance, less expensive nature, biodegradability, renewability, thermal stability, nontoxic appeal, excellent dispersion, controllable surface chemistry, and superior mechanical strength which renders this material highly favorable as the support material. − The catalyst was prepared by the reported method described earlier (Figure ). After the immobilization of Fe 3 O 4 NPs on MCC, the color of the material turned light brown from white (Figure S1). The catalyst was separated and washed with distilled water and methanol.…”

Mechanochemistry and Eco-Bases for Sustainable Michael Addition Reactions

“…First, we studied the mechanochemical Michael addition of dimethylmalonate 2 onto 2-alkyl cyclopentenones 1 . This 1,4-addition is the key step of the industrial synthesis of perfume ingredients such as methyl dihydrojasmonate [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Considering the recent performances of metal oxides in Knoevenagel reactions and Michael addition reactions, several oxides and other mineral bases of similar basicity were tested.…”

“…Recently, efforts have been made in using metals for more sustainable Michael addition reactions. For example, microcrystalline cellulose-immobilized nanoparticles with iron (Fe 3 O 4 @MCC) were described to promote Michael addition reactions in an aqueous ethanolic medium and gave high yields in mild conditions [ 9 ]. The catalyst was recycled and reused without considerable depreciation in catalytic activity after 5 runs.…”

Graphene Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Chromeno Spiro Pyrrolidine Oxindoles via Tandem Decarboxylation and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition

“…MCRs often fascinate chemists by their ability to create a library of molecules with considerable complexity and geometry, which is otherwise rarely encountered in synthesis. Another aspect that points to the environmental conscience is the usage of commercially available reactants in one-pot conversion to a complex/target molecule ( Xu et al, 2016 ; Kumar et al, 2021 ). This conversion often includes the formation of multiple bonds in a single step, thereby including high atom economy, operational simplicity, and considerably less requirement of energy, which further proves MCRs as the perfect candidate for the synthesis of natural products, structurally diverse, and pharmaceutically active compounds ( Sunderhaus and Martin, 2009 ).…”