Much of the developing world and areas of the developed world suffer water vulnerability. Engineering solutions enable technically efficient extraction and diversion of water towards areas of demand but, without rebalancing resource regeneration, can generate multiple adverse ecological and human consequences. The Banas River, Rajasthan (India), has been extensively developed for water diversion, particularly from the Bisalpur Dam from which water is appropriated by powerful urban constituencies dispossessing local people. Coincidentally, abandonment of traditional management, including groundwater recharge practices, is leading to increasingly receding and contaminated groundwater. This creates linked vulnerabilities for rural communities, irrigation schemes, urban users, dependent ecosystems and the multiple ecosystem services that they provide, compounded by climate change and population growth. This paper addresses vulnerabilities created by fragmented policy measures between rural development, urban and irrigation water supply and downstream consequences for people and wildlife. Perpetuating narrowly technocentric approaches to resource exploitation is likely only to compound emerging problems. Alternatively, restoration or innovation of groundwater recharge practices, particularly in the upper catchment, can represent a proven, ecosystem-based approach to resource regeneration with linked beneficial socio-ecological benefits. Hybridising an ecosystem-based approach with engineered methods can simultaneously increase the security of rural livelihoods, piped urban and irrigation supplies, and the vitality of river ecosystems and their services to beneficiaries. A renewed policy focus on local-scale water recharge practices balancing water extraction technologies is consistent with emerging Rajasthani policies, particularly Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan ('water self-reliance mission'). Policy reform emphasising recharge can contribute to water security and yield socio-economic outcomes through a systemic understanding of how the water system functions, and by connecting goals and budgets across multiple, currently fragmented policy areas. The underpinning principles of this necessary paradigm shift are proven and have wider geographic relevance, though context-specific research is required to underpin robust policy and practical implementation.

We report several molecules based on a central pyrazino­[2,3-g]­quinoxaline unit which is substituted with eight peripheral flexible tails of varying length. The out-of-plane conformation of the phenyl moieties made the self-assembly very sensitive to minute variation in the molecular structure. The compounds with very short and branched peripheral chains did not stabilize any liquid crystalline phase, while the medium- to long-chain homologues exhibited columnar phases. All the compounds exhibited high extinction coefficient and good greenish-yellow emission behavior in solution and solid state. Solvent-dependent aggregation behavior was noticed, and they could form long fibers of several micrometers in length. One of the columnar liquid crystalline materials was utilized to realize organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) either as the sole emissive material or as a dopant at low concentration in different host materials. Higher efficiency and bright green emission was achieved in the host–guest OLED, with CBP host, at 3 wt % concentration.

Data mining has from long been human beings friend and savior in numerous ways and one of the methods is through decision making. With increasing health issues polygenic disorder incorporates a modern-day scourge with millions round the world affected. Data mining is growing in connection to finding such globe unwellness issues through its tools. The following study proposes to use the UCI repository polygenic disorder dataset and generate call tree models for classification mistreatment LAD tree, NB tree and a Genetic J48 tree. The decision tree based classifier models study includes various parameters like computational overheads consumed, features, efficiency and accuracy and provides the results. This genetic J48 model accurately classifies the dataset compared with the opposite 2 models in terms of accuracy and speed.

Quinoxaline derivatives with different molecular structures stabilizing liquid crystalline self-assembly are discussed in this review. This class of molecules can be systematically modified with careful molecular engineering to achieve different...

Liquid crystals are considered to be the fourth state of matter with an intermediate order and fluidity in comparison to solids and liquids. Calixarenes are among one of the most versatile families of building blocks for supramolecular chemistry due to their unique vaselike structure that can be chemically engineered to have different shapes and sizes. During the last few decades, calixarenes have drawn much attention in the field of supramolecular chemistry due to their diverse applications in the fields of ion and molecular recognition, ionselective electrodes for catalysis, drug delivery, gelation, organic electronics and sensors, etc. Imbuing liquid crystallinity to the calixarene framework leads to functionalized calixarene derivatives with fluidity and order. Columnar self-assembly of such derivatives in particular enhance the charge migration along the column due to the 1D stacking due to the enhanced π−π overlap. Considering limited reports and reviews on this new class of calixarene based liquid crystals, a comprehensive account of the synthesis of calixarene liquid crystals along with their mesomorphic behavior and potential applications are presented in this review.