Synthesis of hydroxylated oligoamides for their use in wood conservation

Abstract

Some oligo-or polyamides containing several hydroxyl groups were synthesized in order to obtain new water-soluble compounds with a high affinity for polar materials as wood, paper, and natural fibers. The interest for the synthetic procedures is the use of renewable sources as starting compounds. In fact natural compounds or their derivatives, as L-tartaric acid, D(þ)-glucaric acid and a,a-trehaluronic acid, were used as dicarboxylic acids in the polycondensation reactions, in order to obtain several functionalized oligoamides. All the compounds obtained in this study were characterized through FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The oligoamides, water-soluble and not provided with high-molecular weights, were tested as wood consolidants. Physical properties like hygroscopicity of stabilized wood, volume shrinkage, density, and basic density were evaluated on the treated samples and compared with those obtained in the same conditions for an untreated archeological sample and a recent wood sample.

TiO2‐Oligoaldaramide nanocomposites as efficient core‐shell systems for wood preservation

“…Several hydroxylated oligoamides have recently been synthesized as water soluble compounds, provided with structural affinity for materials as wood, paper, and natural fibers . Hydroxyl moieties were introduced in the polymeric chain using starting compounds obtained from renewable sources.…”

“…Hydroxyl moieties were introduced in the polymeric chain using starting compounds obtained from renewable sources. In particular, natural compounds or derivatives thereof, such as l ‐tartaric acid, α,α′‐trehalose, d (+)‐glucose, were used in polycondensation reactions with several diamines …”

“…Other hydroxylated oligoamides were synthesized by renewable resources and found several industrial applications. A study has been carried out on their use as consolidants for degraded wood, because these compounds show a high affinity for polar materials and similar properties to those of wooden artifacts. The easy biodegradation of natural compounds and their derivatives represents an issue when they are used as consolidants in wood conservation, since their presence can enhance the activity of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi.…”

Natural polymers as alternative consolidants for the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood

“…In particular, these reports focus on the degradation of PEG to acidic by-products over time, its utility as a solid-state ion transporter (Glastrup et al, 2006a(Glastrup et al, , 2006bMortensen et al, 2007;Mortensen, 2009), and the plasticising effect it can have on already fragile archaeological wood (Bardet et al, 2007). Recent work suggests that polysaccharides and oligoamides are the most suitable alternatives to synthetic treatments such as PEG (Cipriani et al, 2010(Cipriani et al, , 2013Christensen et al, 2012). This is mainly because of their similarity to the wood matrix and/ or the lack of acidic by-products on degradation.…”

Multifunctional supramolecular polymer networks as next-generation consolidants for archaeological wood conservation

“…Recently, alternative consolidants have appeared in the literature with the focus moving toward oligoamides and natural polymers such as chitosan, guar, and 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (11)(12)(13)(14). These consolidants represent renewable and environmentally friendly alternatives to PEG with no acidic degradation products, enhanced timber compatibility, and a significantly reduced cost as they are often sourced as waste products from industrial processes.…”