Synthesis of hybrid nanofluid with two-step method

Abstract

Nanofluid is a liquid fluid mixture with a nanometer-sized solid particle potentially applied as a heat transfer fluid because it is capable of producing a thermal conductivity better than a base fluid. However, nanofluids have a weakness that is a high level of agglomeration as the resulting conductivity increases. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of two nanoparticles into the base fluid called hybrid nanofluids. This study aims to determine the effect of nanoparticle composition on the highest thermal conductivity value with the lowest agglomeration value. This research was conducted by dispersing Al2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles in water with volume fraction of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% in the composition of Al2O3-TiO2 ratio of 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%. The synthesis was performed with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes. The tests were carried out in three types: thermal conductivity testing with KD2, visual agglomeration observation and absorbance measurements using UV-Vis, wettability testing with HSVC tools and Image applications. The test results showed that the ratio composition ratio of 75% Al2O3-25% TiO2 with a volume fraction of 0.7% resulted in an increase in optimum thermal conductivity with the best wettability and the longest agglomeration level.

A comprehensive review on the impact of nanofluid in solar photovoltaic/thermal system

“…However, several studies have concluded that applying a surfactant to a nanofluid changes its thermophysical properties. 20,22,23,27,33,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] Therefore, a suitable surfactant should be selected before the preparation of nanofluid. There are two ways to develop nanofluid: onestep and two-step techniques (or) methods.…”

“…Agglomeration allows the nanofluid homogeneity level to decrease so that the particles begin to settle at the bottom and becomes instabile. 38 AritoshGarg et al 39 suggested addition of a surfactant has the tendency to decline formation of agglomeration and improve the stability of the nanofluid; and (ii) For high temperature applications, a surfactant is functional of temperature; therefore, it is significant to select the surfactants carefully. Al-Waeli et al 40 mixed silicon carbide/water nanofluid with CTAB, SDS, tannic acid+ammonia solution, SDBS, and sodium deoxycholate using the two-step method, and as a result, stability of the nanofluid got improved.…”

Significance of induced hybridized metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles in single-phase nano liquid flow between permeable disks by analyzing shape factor

“…Kabeel et al 24 conducted an experimental test regarding the performance of thermal exchangers by inducing alumina hybrid nanoparticles. Septiadi 25 executed the importance of hybridized nanoparticles in the reduction of heavy-duty automobile engine coolant. Experimentation about the insertion of cooper-titania hybridized nanocomposites as the coolant in thermal exchanger was depicted by Madhesh and Kalaieselvam 26 .…”

Free convection of a hybrid nanofluid past a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium with anisotropic permeability

“…Some experimental studies (Suresh et al , 2012; Momin, 2013) have provided remarkable results that are very helpful to understand transport mechanism of hybrid nanofluids in different thermal exchange systems. Septiadi et al (2018) experimentally showed that the hybrid nanofluid with proper composition ratio of different nanoparticles has better wettability and a longer agglomeration level than that of regular nanofluid.…”