Synthesis of high-purity, isotropic or textured Cr 2 AlC bulk ceramics by spark plasma sintering of pressure-less sintered powders

Duan, Xiaoming; Shen, Lu; Jia, Dechang; Zhou, Yu; Zwaag, Sybrand van der; Sloof, Willem G.

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.11.008

Cited by 73 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This preferential growth may induce a beneficial anisotropic fracture behaviour in the coatings as demonstrated in Ref. [20]. The XRD pattern fitting results are consistent with a possible Al excess in the Cr 2 AlC hexagonal structure, as revealed by comparing our calculated lattice parameters with ab-inito data previously reported [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The present work attempts to address these issues. As compared to previously cited research [10][11][12], our work shows that almost single-phase Cr 2 AlC coating can be synthesized by DC sputtering via re-crystallization from amorphouslike precursor at rather low annealing temperatures (starting with 450 ℃) with low oxygen contamination (only about 5% of the total film thickness) and induced (10 10) texture, a feature which may induce a beneficial anisotropic fracture behaviour in the coatings [20].…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

“…In previous papers [11,12] it has been argued that proper identification of Cr 2 AlC must consider also the presence of the (0002) reflections (at around 13.8° in 2θ). There are however some authors claiming the existence of Cr 2 AlC phase without the occurrence of (0002) peak (hkil Bragg-Bravais notations) [8,18,20,21,29]. With that said, we have however identified unambiguously both the (0002) and (0004) peaks in the all-crystalline sample, as analyzed hereafter.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Patternsmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Incipient low-temperature formation of MAX phase in Cr–Al–C films

Crisan

2018

J Adv Ceram

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Ceramic-metallic MAX phase of chromium aluminium carbide ternary compounds was successfully obtained through deposition by DC sputtering onto Si substrates. A study of the influence of substrate temperature and in-air post-annealing on the film crystallinity and oxidation was undertaken. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis (WDSX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for film characterization. It is shown that, at substrate temperature of about 450 ℃, as-deposited films are amorphous with small nanocrystals. Subsequent annealing in air at 700 ℃ leads to film crystallization and partial oxidation. WDSX spectroscopy shows that the films oxidise to a depth of around 120 nm, or 5% of total film thickness which amounts at around 2.68 µm. As a novelty, this demonstrates the possibility of in-air crystallization of Cr 2 AlC films without significant oxidation. Materials Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD) software package for a full-profile analysis of the XRD patterns (Rietveld-type) was used to determine that, as a result of annealing, the average crystallite size changes from 7 to 34 nm, while microstrain decreases from 0.79% to 0.24%. A slight tendency of preferential growth along the (10 10) direction has been observed. Such texturing of the microstructure has the potential of inducing beneficial anisotropic fracture behaviour in the coatings, potentially interesting for several industrial applications in load-bearing devices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: X-ray Diffraction Patternsmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Incipient low-temperature formation of MAX phase in Cr–Al–C films

Crisan

2018

J Adv Ceram

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Section: Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis Protocols of the Most Common Layered Carbide and Nitride MAX Phases

2020

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MAX phases represent a large group of carbide‐ and nitride‐layered ternary compounds. Their general formula is Mn+1AXn, where n = 1–3, M is an early transition metal, A is an A‐group element, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The MAX phases combine properties of metals (good electrical and thermal conductivity, machinability, low hardness, thermal shock resistance, and damage tolerance) with those of ceramics (high elastic moduli, temperature strength, and oxidation and corrosion resistance). Publications on MAX phases have increased considerably in recent years. A late development causing heightened interest in MAX phases is the possibility by which these can be selectively etched to MXenes by removal of the A‐group element. In view of optimizing properties for prospective applications, the synthesis protocols of some of the most common carbide and nitride MAX phases are reviewed. Characterization of their physical, mechanical, and corrosion/oxidation properties is also discussed. Recent developments have revealed the potential for further practical application and have led to accessible strategies to synthesize new MAX phases using the pressure‐less sintering, spark plasma sintering, or molten salt routes.

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“…Since 1996, it has been demonstrated that some of MAX phases, such as Ti 3 SiC 2 , Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC, Cr 2 AlC, etc., possess an unique combination of high Young's modulus, high flexural strength, high fracture toughness, excellent thermal shock resistance, and oxidation resistance [10][11][12][13]. Notably, it was found that these phases offer an excellent corrosion resistance against molten Pb above 850 ℃ together with good irradiation resistance to neutron and Kr, Xe, Au ions [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of texture microstructure on tribological properties of tailored Ti3AlC2 ceramic

Zhu

Grasso

et al. 2017

J Adv Ceram

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Tribological property of c-axis textured shell-like Ti 3 AlC 2 ceramic was investigated using reciprocating sliding balls (SUS304) under loads of 1, 5, and 9 N. It was found that the textured top surface (TTS), corresponding to the (000l) plane, shows the lowest mean coefficient of friction in comparison with those measured on the textured side surface (TSS), where the sliding directions are parallel (TSS-1) and perpendicular (TSS-2) to c axis, under the same load. Among all the tested orientations, the TSS-2 exhibited the lowest wear rate of 1.51×103 mm 3 /(N·m) under the load of 9 N.The worn mechanisms on the TTS and TSS-1 were delamination, grain fracture, and grain spalling-off. On the TSS-2, plowing effect against balls was the dominating mechanism. This work suggests the criteria to maximize the wear resistance in the load range of 1-9 N.

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Synthesis of high-purity, isotropic or textured Cr 2 AlC bulk ceramics by spark plasma sintering of pressure-less sintered powders

Cited by 73 publications

References 39 publications

Incipient low-temperature formation of MAX phase in Cr–Al–C films

Incipient low-temperature formation of MAX phase in Cr–Al–C films

Synthesis Protocols of the Most Common Layered Carbide and Nitride MAX Phases

Effect of texture microstructure on tribological properties of tailored Ti3AlC2 ceramic

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