Synthesis of high-grade Jet fuel blending precursors by aldol condensation of lignocellulosic ketones using HfTPA/MCM-41 with strong acids and enhanced stability

Synthesis of Long Chain Oxygenates via Aldol Condensation of Furfural and Acetone over Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…As a result, they have been valuable for biomass conversion. , Zirconium-based MOFs are particularly promising for biomass conversion. For example, they are active for ethyl levulinate conversion to γ-valerolactone via transfer hydrogenation, , esterification, , fructose dehydration to 5-HMF, aldol condensation, ,, even in crude lignocellulose ketone mixtures, and retro aldol condensation . Corma and co-workers reported the aldol condensation of FF and acetone over Hf- and Zr-based MOFs under mild conditions with quantitative FAc monomer product yield (Scheme ) and no other condensation products …”

Catalyst-Free Acetalization of Biobased Furfural into Cyclic Acetal Fuel Additives with Biogenic Ethylene Glycol

“…11−14 Furfural, a privileged derivative of pentose carbohydrates present in lignocellulose, has attracted growing attention in both academia and industries due to its huge valorization potential, as many commercial applications have been established for its various derivatives. 15,16 Many strategies, such as hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis, 17,18 oxidation, 19,20 acetalization reaction, 21,22 aldol condensation, 23,24 Knoevenagel condensation, 25,26 Diels−Alder reaction, 27,28 and hydroxyalkylation/alkylation, 29,30 have been developed for valorizing furfural into fuels and value-added chemicals, on the basis of the multifunctional groups (i.e., C�C, C�O, and C−O) of furfural. In particular, the acetalization strategy is eliciting much attention for furfural upgrading because the resulting acetal product can be used as not only a plasticizer and solvent in the polymer industry but also a suspending and solubilizing agent in medical preparation.…”

“…Furfural, a privileged derivative of pentose carbohydrates present in lignocellulose, has attracted growing attention in both academia and industries due to its huge valorization potential, as many commercial applications have been established for its various derivatives. , Many strategies, such as hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis, , oxidation, , acetalization reaction, , aldol condensation, , Knoevenagel condensation, , Diels–Alder reaction, , and hydroxyalkylation/alkylation, , have been developed for valorizing furfural into fuels and value-added chemicals, on the basis of the multifunctional groups (i.e., CC, CO, and C–O) of furfural. In particular, the acetalization strategy is eliciting much attention for furfural upgrading because the resulting acetal product can be used as not only a plasticizer and solvent in the polymer industry but also a suspending and solubilizing agent in medical preparation. , The cyclic acetal products stemming from acetalization of furfural and polyol have the characteristics of reducing particulate matter emission and gum formation, enhancing octane number and oxidation stability, and decreasing greenhouse gas emission and fuel-burning cost after blending with fossil fuels and have been identified as excellent oxygenated fuel additives. − Therefore, the attention to acetalization of furfural and polyol has increased rapidly in recent years. , Notably, utilization of biomass-derived polyols as starting feedstocks for furfural acetalization is highly promising in terms of their origin, availability, and environmental impact.…”