Synthesis of fuel bioadditive by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over hydrophobic polymer-based solid acid

Mou, Ronglin; Xin-ji, Wang; Wang, Ziqing; Zhang, Daoyou; Yin, Zhili; Lv, Yin; Wei, Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121175

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Glycerol in transesterification reactions is performed with alkaline catalysts with fatty methyl esters, whereas the esterification of glycerol is performed with fatty acids. 66 Mou et al 67 studied the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid on hydrophobic polymer-based solid acid to produce glycerol diacetate (DAG) and glycerol triacetate (TAG) as petrol fuel additives.…”

Section: Utilization Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and utilization of crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct

2022

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Section: Utilization Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and utilization of crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct

2022

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“…Research conducted by Banu et al (2020) using Y-zeolite catalyst for 150 minutes resulted in a conversion of 98%. Research that has been done by Mou et al (2021) using silica alumina with a reaction time of 150 minutes resulted in a conversion of 71%. Sun et al (2016) carried out an acetylation reaction using Amberlyst-35 catalyst with a reaction time of 3 hours resulted in a conversion of 99%, and (Meireles & Pereira 2013) using a ZrO2 catalyst with a reaction time of 3 hours resulted in a conversion of 86.32%.…”

Section: Conversion Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…which is widely used as a commercial fuel additive (Gryglewicz 1999;Meireles and Pereira 2013). Triacetin can be used as an additive to reduce the knocking properties of gasoline (Mou et al, 2021). Apart from that, acetin compounds are also widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries (Gholami et al, 2014;Mufrodi et al, 2018;Quispe et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Preparation of Ni/γAl2O3 Catalyst for Acetylation of Glycerol in a Fixed Bed Reactor Applied as an Octane Booster for Commercial Fuels

Dewajani

Chumaidi

Suryandari

et al. 2021

JBAT

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Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production with the amount of 10% of the total biodiesel product. To increase the utility and economic value of glycerol, it can be processed into several derivative products. One of the glycerol derivative products is currently being developed through the acetylation process. Glycerol acetylation product has been investigated as a component that can be used to increase the octane number of commercial fuels, otherwise known as bio-additives or octane boosters. This study aims to convert glycerol from the by-product of biodiesel production through the acetylation process using a modified solid catalyst Ni/γ-Al2O3 in a fixed bed reactor. The focus of this research is to study the effect of reactant flow rate and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid on glycerol conversion. The variations used were flow rates of feed from 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml/minute, and the mole ratio of glycerol to acetic acid was 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:9. The experiment was carried out in several stages, namely: preparation and modification of the catalyst, the acetylation process and product application into commercial fuels. The acetylation reaction took place at a temperature of 100 °C and the mass of the catalyst used was 5% of the mass of glycerol. The results showed that the highest conversion of 74.24% was achieved under operating conditions with a reactant flow rate of 40 ml/min and glycerol to acetic acid mole ratio of 1:9. The utilization of acetylation products as bio-additives is carried out by adding reaction products to Pertamax fuel. The highest increase in octane number of Pertamax fuel at the addition of 8% volume of acetylation product from the initial octane number of 93 increased to 102 (increased by 10%).

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“…This eventually results in a very high rate of atom efficiency (nearly 100%) in diesel engines by mixing with TAG. Diacetin and monoacetin both are used in fuel additives and solvents and in the polymer industry, dye industry, etc. − Significant acid catalyst systems have been investigated for glycerol esterification reaction like heteropolyacids, ion-exchange resins, zeolites, mixed oxides, metal containing hybrid materials, etc. Despite their appreciable catalytic activities, there are few drawbacks like complex preparation procedures and high cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-Free Phosphate Modified Hierarchically Porous Carbon–Silica Nanocomposites for Solvent-Free Glycerol Carbonylation and Esterification Reactions

Bhaduri

Chatterjee

Bhaumik

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Mesostructured carbon−silica nanocomposites with hexagonally ordered pore channels have been synthesized from sucrose as a sustainable carbon source via a rotary evaporation induced self-assembly (REISA) method. Phosphate functionalization was performed on the resultant nanocomposite to obtain a strong acid catalyst with bimodal pores. The synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); N 2 physisorption; field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM); acid titration; energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); 13 C, 29 Si, and 31 P solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR); and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The well-ordered mesopores facilitate the entrance and fast transport of molecules during reaction. The catalytic efficiency of the materials was tested for solventless glycerol carbonylation with urea and glycerol esterification involving acetic acid. The efficient catalytic performance could be associated to the higher acidity and better communicating hierarchically organized porous channels. The catalyst showed good reusability for both the reactions without any significant leaching. Therefore, the specified methodology here provides a useful pathway for the eco-friendly and effective preparation of hierarchically mesoporous carbon−silica composites and alteration of their physicochemical properties. This study opens new avenues for the development of sustainable, robust materials in rapid and facile conversion of biorenewable glycerol to fine chemicals.

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Synthesis of fuel bioadditive by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid over hydrophobic polymer-based solid acid

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Recovery and utilization of crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct

Recovery and utilization of crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct

Characterization and Preparation of Ni/γAl2O3 Catalyst for Acetylation of Glycerol in a Fixed Bed Reactor Applied as an Octane Booster for Commercial Fuels

Metal-Free Phosphate Modified Hierarchically Porous Carbon–Silica Nanocomposites for Solvent-Free Glycerol Carbonylation and Esterification Reactions

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