Achieving
green and sustainable chemical processes by replacing
organic solvents with water has always been one of the green chemistry
goals and a challenging topic for chemists. However, the poor solubility
of organic materials is a major limitation to achieving this goal,
especially in alcohol oxidation. In this contribution, the development
and design of amphiphilic catalysts via abundant, safe, cheaper, and
more biocompatible sources have received notable attention. To this
purpose, herein, our group successfully synthesized a new multifunctional
amphiphilic carbon quantum dot (CQD) composed of 1-aminopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium
chloride ([APMim][Cl]), dodecylamine (DDA), and citric acid (CA) (denoted
as CQDs@DDA-IL/Cl) using a one-pot hydrothermal route. The CQDs@DDA-IL/Cl
was then utilized as an amphiphilic stabilizer for anchoring tungsten
ions using an anion-exchange method (marked as CQDs@DDA-IL/W). The
CQDs@DDA-IL/W as a reusable catalyst selectivity mediated the oxidation
of alcoholic substrates with stoichiometric H2O2 in water solvent. The extraordinary performance of our catalyst
was attributable to the coexistence of ionic liquid (IL) and DDA upon
the surface of the CQDs@DDA-IL/W, which plays a main duty in the hydrophobic/hydrophilic
balance, and significantly increase the catalyst compatibility in
the aqueous medium with the purpose of removing organic solvents.
As a result, the great mass transfer occurs in the two-phase medium
using this amphiphilic nanocatalyst without any phase transfer catalyst
(PTC) or other additives. The 100% selectivity, excellent turnover
number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF), high yield, almost complete
and fast conversion of alcohol to the desired aldehydes and ketones
without more oxidation, and easy and no-trouble isolation of product
and catalyst are outstanding features of this catalytic system.