Synthesis of Epichlorohydrin by Elimination of Hydrogen Chloride from Chlorohydrins. 1. Kinetic Aspects of the Process

Abstract

The reactions involved in epichlorohydrin industrial production have been studied. The reactions can be divided into two groups: ring closure (dehydrochlorination) and ring opening (epoxide hydrolysis). Two analytical techniques, potentiometry and gas chromatography, have been employed in order to follow the time evolution of the reagents. The kinetic parameters of the reactions have been determined and a kinetic model of the overall system is offered.

Glycerin as a Renewable Feedstock for Epichlorohydrin Production. The GTE Process

“…This is manifested in the 1,3-DCH/2,3-DCH ratio, which is 30 -50 in the GTE process, but only about 3:1 in the incumbent process. The value of improved 1,3-regioselectivity is that 1,3-DCH undergoes cyclization with base to form epichlorohydrin about 300 times faster than does 2,3-DCH [12]. This translates into smaller process equipment and/or shorter residence times.…”

A kinetic model for glycerol chlorination in the presence of acetic acid catalyst

“…The following modeling assumptions are made in this paper: [3,4,14,16] (1) the concentration of HAC is constant due to its catalytic function in the reaction system, (2) the concentration of HCl is constant and can be obtained according to its saturation in the organic phase due to its weak/difficult dissolution ability in the organic phase, (3) the concentration of H 2 O is constant due to its surplus in the reaction system, and (4) the quasi-stationary-state assumption is applied. Therefore, according to the reaction steps shown in Scheme 2, the mass balance equations can be worked out.…”

“…1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is an intermediate for the production of epichlorohydrin (ECH, 1-chloro-2,3-epoypropane) [1], which is an important intermediate for the chemical industry [1][2][3]. Recently, a direct process to prepare 1,3-DCP consisting of the chlorination of glycerol (GLY) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) was developed [2,3], and the process has been widely applied in the industry.…”

“…Recently, a direct process to prepare 1,3-DCP consisting of the chlorination of glycerol (GLY) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) was developed [2,3], and the process has been widely applied in the industry. However, previous studies on the process mainly focused on the patent data and technical feasibility [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Combining first principles with black-box techniques for reaction systems

“…Details on some of the reaction kinetics of this type of reaction system can be found in Carra, Santacesaria, and Morbidelli (1979). However, the model presented in Carra et al (1979) requires many parameters, such as reaction rates, to be determined when applied to practical systems so that only qualitative information is taken in this paper.…”