Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Calcium Oleate Detergent

Abstract

This article discusses a method for synthesizing an environmentally friendly calcium oleate detergent using vegetable oil instead of mineral oil as the raw material. Reaction conditions including the molar ratio of total lime [Ca(OH) 2 and CaO] to oleic acid, the molar ratio of Ca(OH) 2 to CaO, the carbonation temperature, the amount of methanol, the molar ratio of water to CaO, the gas flow rate of CO 2 , and the molar ratio of injected CO 2 to total lime [Ca(OH) 2 and CaO] were optimized. Using the optimized conditions, a high-alkali calcium oleate solution with a total base number (TBN) of 376 mg of KOH/g and an overbased calcium oleate solution with a value of TBN ) 420 mg of KOH/g could be obtained.

Calcium carbonate phase transformations during the carbonation reaction of calcium heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate overbased nanodetergents preparation

“…Carbonation, also called overbasing reaction, is a critical reaction procedure for the preparation of a high quality overbased nanodetergent, otherwise an ill-suited synthesis condition may result in the final product being insoluble, lacking clarity or becoming too viscous to be readily handled [33]. The carbonation process can be briefly described as that the sparged CO 2 dissolves in the organic phase and diffuses into the swollen reverse micellar core, where it reacts with the pre-existing lime (Ca(OH) 2 or CaO) to generate CaCO 3 , which then nucleates at supersaturation and consumes the lime gradually [11,13].…”

“…Methanol is the most widely used promoter for carbonation reaction, as a crucial reaction parameter which functions as solubilizing agent for the lime metal compounds and promotes [1,2,9,33,47,48]. Two sites are believed for methanol to mainly locate at: the polar core of reverse micelles [49] and the interfacial zone of the surfactant layer where playing as a cosurfactant and markedly reducing the rigidity of micelles [11,50].…”

“…In many cases, Ca(OH) 2 was solely utilized to simplify the reaction [11,12,14], however it suffered from the disadvantage that excessive solid wastes produced in the crude reaction products. So it was advantageous in industrial practice to employ a mixture of Ca(OH) 2 and CaO as the reserve alkaline agents to improve lime utilization and reduce the products viscosity [33,[51][52][53]. Keeping the total mole of alkaline calcium salt constant and carbonation for 150 min, a series of comparative experiments, varying the molar ratio of CaO to the sum of CaO and Ca(OH) 2 (R = [CaO]/[CaO + Ca(OH) 2 ]), were performed in this study.…”

Hydrogenation of Sodium Oleate in Aqueous Emulsion with the Hoveyda–Grubbs Second-Generation Catalyst

“…2,3 In addition to the sodium salts, some other frequently used oleate and stearate salts are those containing potassium, lithium, or calcium. 4 To develop a green and economical process for catalytic hydrogenation of diene-based polymers has been standing as a priority pursuit for the today's rubber industry such as that of Arlanxeo Inc. (formerly Lanxess) and Nippon Zeon Chemicals. Because most of the polymers are commercially produced in latex form, the direct hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers in the emulsion form is thus becoming a very promising route.…”

A CFD modeling of the gas–solid two‐phase flow in an FCC riser under the electrostatic conditions

“…Besides, the buildup of electrostatic charges within the riser reactor may cause deviation in performance of the system from that in which it was originally designed. [13][14][15] Accordingly, it is significant to investigate the gas-solid two-phase flow behavior in a FCC riser reactor under the electrostatic conditions for reducing or even eliminating the triboelectrification effect, improving reactor operation and design. Dynamics behaviors are also very complex under the effect of electrostatic.…”