Synthesis of CuInxGa1−xSe2 nanoparticles in organic solvent for thin film solar cells

Synthesis of CIS (CuInSe2) Based Materials for Solar Applications

“…When the reaction time increased, particle sizes enlarged at 20 h (Figure 2(b)) and at 40 hours; the particle size becomes 1.5-2 microns. When the reaction time is prolonged, particle agglomeration was clearly observed as was also described in another study [19]. Figure 3, XRD data shows that the synthesized powders were mainly comprised of CIS tetragonal chalcopyrite materials (JCPDS card number 40-1487).…”

“…It plays the role of a capping agent for the nanoparticles. It is thought to reduce the reactivity between Cu, In, Ga, and Se reactants [19]. Also, it has a high boiling point and nitrogen containing compound.…”

“…At 40 hours process time, the peak intensity was lower and CuGaSe phase disappeared. According to Hahn et al [19], the atomic percentages of Se decrease with increasing reaction time, while that of Ga continuously increased. This could be explained by the slow vaporization of Se in solution with increasing reaction time because of its relatively high vapor pressure compared to other elements.…”

“…The solvothermal process conditions for synthesizing CIS nanopowders influence its structure and surface properties [13]. Processes with multiple steps were experimented using different types of solvents such as ethylenediamine [6,[14][15][16], triethanolamine [10,16], oleylamine [17][18][19][20], oleic acid [13], polyetheramine [21], citric acid, butylcarbitol, hydrazine [22], ammonium bromide [23], and hexadecylamine [24].…”

Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4film by air-stable molecular-precursor ink for constructing thin film solar cells

“…Currently, the precursor-ink printing technology has been proposed as a simple and effective synthesis method for semiconductor thin lms because the inks can be printed, spincoated, or dip-coated on the substrates, which could enable continuous roll-to-roll processing under mild conditions on nearly any type of surface. Various types of semiconductor thin lms based on precursor inks including PbSe, 17 Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS), [18][19][20] CuInS 2 (ref. 12 and 21) and CuIn(S,Se) 2 (ref.…”