Synthesis of calcium hydrogen phosphate and hydroxyapatite coating on SS316 substrate through pulsed electrodeposition

Single-step pulsed electrodeposition of calcium phosphate coatings on titanium for drug delivery

“…Furthermore during this period without current, ions diffusion from the solution to the surface of the cathode is promoted, thus the uniformity of the ion concentration from the bulk solution to the cathode is increased [20][21][22][23]. As a result, a pulse cathodic electrochemical deposition process could produce coatings with higher uniformity and less porosity compared to direct current (DC) electrodeposition methods [24,25]. Moreover, coating adhesion to the titanium surface can be improved by using pulse reverse power.…”

The effect of pulsed current electrodeposition parameters of calcium phosphates coating on Ti6Al4V ELI

“…When the current density increased to 20mAcm -2 , the thickness was 31.39μm (Figure 2(c2)), in the same way, the sample at pulsed time of 8s with 10mAcm -2 presented a thickness of 13.465μm (Figure 2(b2)) and for 20mAcm -2 it was 14.83μm ( Figure 2(d2)). Hence, the coating obtained by the pulsed electrodeposition method with increases in the current density produces a thicker coating than the one that can be obtained from a low current density and it's further supported by the results from Chakraborty et al and Gopi, et al [14,15]. The mapping was carried out to evaluate the distribution of calcium and phosphorus on Ti6Al4V.…”

Electrodeposited Biocoatings, Their Properties and Fabrication Technologies: A Review

“…Surprisingly, in [56], the HAp coatings plated by ECD on 316L steel, but also Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy, increased corrosion rate, likely because of highly porous coating and crevice corrosion. The PED seems a more efficient method as shown in [57], in which the perfect coatings of biocompatible HAp were obtained at various current densities over the SS316 steel. In later research [58], the phosphate coatings, transformed to hydroxyapatite, had thickness from 300 nm up to 2 µm, depending on the deposition mode (continuous or pulsed reverse), and voltage or current parameters, and microstructure of the flake type demonstrating the spontaneous passivation under anodic polarization, and the corrosion potential improved with the increasing presence of hydroxyapatite phase in the coating.…”