Synthesis of brominated cardanol derivatives and their effeciency as fire retardants for wood

Renewable Cardanol-Based Star-Shaped Prepolymer Containing a Phosphazene Core as a Potential Biobased Green Fire-Retardant Coating

“…37−41 Cardanol derivatives also show excellent properties for acting as surfactants, 42−44 modifiers for natural rubber, 45,46 compatibilizers for biopolymers, 47 green nanocarriers for chlorogenic acid, 48 and matrices for biocomposites. 49−52 Some researchers have also paid attention to cardanol-based fire-retardants, 53,54 and the results showed that the brominated-cardanol derivatives were possible choices for preparing fire-resistant wood products. However, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, brominated-cardanol derivatives may negatively impact some side-effects for sustainable development.…”

“…Every year, a large amount of cardanol (over 0.3 million tons per year) is produced in Asia, Africa, and South America. − Among the types of inedible oils, cardanol can be regarded as one of best renewable resources to be used as a feedstock for the preparation of fine chemicals and materials. Comparing the structural characteristics of cardanol with other vegetable oils (Figure ), such as soybean oil and castor oil, it possesses a reactive phenolic hydroxyl group in addition to an unsaturated C 15 alkyl chain, which makes it a reservoir for biobased fine chemicals and value-added polymers by chemical modification of the benzene ring and double bond. ,,− The declared cardanol derivatives include cardanol-based benzoxazine resins, − epoxy resin and its curing agents, ,− cardanol oligomers, − cardanol-based acrylates, − and polyol for polyurethane. − Cardanol derivatives also show excellent properties for acting as surfactants, − modifiers for natural rubber, , compatibilizers for biopolymers, green nanocarriers for chlorogenic acid, and matrices for biocomposites. − Some researchers have also paid attention to cardanol-based fire-retardants, , and the results showed that the brominated-cardanol derivatives were possible choices for preparing fire-resistant wood products. However, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, brominated-cardanol derivatives may negatively impact some side-effects for sustainable development.…”

Synthesis of bromo‐cardanol novolac resins and evaluation of their effectiveness as flame retardants and adhesives for particleboard

“…The effectiveness of flame retardants based on cardanol bromination products for polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer was presented by Pillai et al . The effectiveness of the cardanol bromination product as a flame retardant for wood was studied by Shishlov et al …”

“…It should be noted that the wood veneer treated with brominated cardanol (BC) becomes a self‐extinguishing material. When studying the process of thermal decomposition of the resulting BC, authors noted that the processes of hydrogen bromide elimination from the aliphatic and aromatic bromine fragment occur in a different temperature range, from 132 to 227 °C and from 212 to 284 °C, respectively . The elimination process of bromine aromatic rings is accompanied by free radical polymerization to a polymer product having an average molecular weight ( M ) of 46,570 g/mol and a degree of polymerization ( n ) from 80 to 120.…”