Synthesis of BaZrO₃ nanocrystals by wet chemical reaction

Abstract

Low-temperature synthesis of barium zirconate (BaZrO 3 ) was carried out using the composite-hydroxide-mediated (CHM) approach. The CHM method is based on chemical reaction of materials in the eutectic hydroxide melt. In this system, the eutectic point is at an NaOH:KOH molar ratio of 51.5:48.5 and a temperature of 165°C. The raw materials used to prepare BaZrO 3 were zirconium dioxide and barium hydroxide. In this study, the morphology of the obtained BaZrO 3 powder was investigated. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of BaZrO 3 with a perovskite structure. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that BaZrO 3 nanocrystals were formed.

Effects of raw materials on NaNbO3 nanocube synthesis via the solvothermal method

“…Among these methods, the solvothermal method is particularly effective at controlling the particles' size and shape. Based solely on particle morphology, nanocubes, which are nanoscale single crystals, are considered advantageous for the development of small, high-performance electronic devices, laminated ceramic capacitors, and nextgeneration memory due to the nanocube's suitability as a capacitor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Nanocubes not only allow manufacturers to use fewer capacitors, but also to develop smaller capacitors.…”

“…Nanocubes not only allow manufacturers to use fewer capacitors, but also to develop smaller capacitors. In our previous studies, we have investigated the properties and morphologies of particles for nanocube synthesis, such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) [5,6], strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) [6][7][8][9], potassium niobate (KNbO 3 ) [10][11][12], barium zirconate (BaZrO 3 ) [13,14], and strontium zirconate (SrZrO 3 ) [15]. These nanocubes were synthesized using the solvothermal, hydrothermal, or composite-hydroxidemediated approaches.…”

Solvothermal Synthesis of Barium Titanate Nanocubes with Narrow Size Distributions

“…It is believed that nuclei were formed isotropically due to the shape of the particles and it became spherical. Figure 2 shows XRD pattern of the product obtained in the synthesis with BaC 2 O 4 , BaCO 3 and Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 . From XRD pattern, It was able to confirm that formation of BT only system using a Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 to barium source.…”

“…Synthesis of BT can't be confirmed in the system of the other, only the peak of the raw material could be confirmed. That considered BT has not been generated for BaC 2 O 4 and BaCO 3 were not dissolved in the solvent as the cause. Figure 3 shows XRD pattern and SEM images of the product obtained in BT synthesis with mixture of Ba(OH) 2 and Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 .…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to establish an entirely-new method for the fabrication of these devices or to create new functional materials in the near future. The "bottom-up" process from nano-sized materials is a key engineering to achieve these demands [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The assembled and ordered structure prepared from nanocrystallites building blocks is well-known as one of the bottom-up processes.…”