Synthesis of Anisotropic Hydrogels and Their Applications

Sano, Koki; Ishida, Yasuhiro; Aida, Takuzo

doi:10.1002/anie.201708196

Cited by 307 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(369 reference statements)

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“…Most biological tissues, such as skin, tendon, muscle, articular cartilage, heart, etc. are composed of well‐defined anisotropic hierarchical architectures mainly morphologically and mechanically . The anisotropy of biological systems often plays a pivotal role for mass transport, surface lubrication, and force generation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rational Design and Development of Anisotropic and Mechanically Strong Gelatin‐Based Stress Relaxing Hydrogels for Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation

Dey

Agnelli

et al. 2019

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Rational design and development of tailorable simple synthesis process remains a centerpiece of investigational efforts toward engineering advanced hydrogels. In this study, a green and scalable synthesis approach is developed to formulate a set of gelatin‐based macroporous hybrid hydrogels. This approach consists of four sequential steps starting from liquid‐phase pre‐crosslinking/grafting, unidirectional freezing, freeze‐drying, and finally post‐curing process. The chemical crosslinking mainly involves between epoxy groups of functionalized polyethylene glycol and functional groups of gelatin both in liquid and solid state. Importantly, this approach allows to accommodate different polymers, chitosan or hydroxyethyl cellulose, under identical benign condition. Structural and mechanical anisotropy can be tuned by the selection of polymer constituents. Overall, all hydrogels show suitable structural stability, good swellability, high porosity and pore interconnectivity, and maintenance of mechanical integrity during 3‐week‐long hydrolytic degradation. Under compression, hydrogels exhibit robust mechanical properties with nonlinear elasticity and stress‐relaxation behavior and show no sign of mechanical failure under repeated compression at 50% deformation. Biological experiment with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) reveals that hydrogels are biocompatible, and their physicomechanical properties are suitable to support cells growth, and osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation, demonstrating their potential application for bone and cartilage regenerative medicine toward clinically relevant endpoints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rational Design and Development of Anisotropic and Mechanically Strong Gelatin‐Based Stress Relaxing Hydrogels for Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation

Dey

Agnelli

et al. 2019

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Such hybrid materials could be used to fabricate field‐effect transistors, solar cells and tailoring charge‐transfer processes . Further efforts could be also directed in preparing anisotropic hydrogels and exploiting the mechanical toughness, actuating and electroconductive properties …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Templating Porphyrin Anisotropy via Magnetically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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The preparation and characterisation of a novel three‐dimensional organic material consisting of porphyrin arrays on carbon nanotubes embedded in an organogel is reported. Firstly, the porphyrin array was prepared through metal‐ligand coordination of a ditopic ligand (1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane) and two bis‐Zn(II) porphyrins, linked through a pyrene core, and was studied through UV‐Vis, NMR and diffusion spectroscopies. Secondly, the porphyrin supramolecular architecture was adsorbed on pristine carbon nanotubes, greatly improving the dispersibility of the latter in organic solvents. The hybrid material was characterised by means of UV‐Vis spectroscopy, microscopic techniques and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, by exploiting the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of carbon nanotubes, the hybrid material was aligned under a magnetic field, the organisation of which could be maintained by in situ gelation. The resultant hybrid organogel exhibited notable optical anisotropy, suggesting an anisotropic arrangement of the porphyrin‐CNTs architectures in the macroscopic material.

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“…Various natural systems such as muscles, tendons, skins, articular cartilage, and wood exhibit well‐defined anisotropic structure. The high order of orientation plays a significant role in multiple functions, including mass transport, surface lubrication, and force generation . Particularly, mass transport is greatly enhanced through vertically aligned channels due to the low tortuosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood‐Inspired Morphologically Tunable Aligned Hydrogel for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

Zhao

Alsaid

Yao

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Oriented microstructures are widely found in various biological systems for multiple functions. Such anisotropic structures provide low tortuosity and sufficient surface area, desirable for the design of high‐performance energy storage devices. Despite significant efforts to develop supercapacitors with aligned morphology, challenges remain due to the predefined pore sizes, limited mechanical flexibility, and low mass loading. Herein, a wood‐inspired flexible all‐solid‐state hydrogel supercapacitor is demonstrated by morphologically tuning the aligned hydrogel matrix toward high electrode‐materials loading and high areal capacitance. The highly aligned matrix exhibits broad morphological tunability (47–12 µm), mechanical flexibility (0°–180° bending), and uniform polypyrrole loading up to 7 mm thick matrix. After being assembled into a solid‐state supercapacitor, the areal capacitance reaches 831 mF cm−2 for the 12 µm matrix, which is 259% times of the 47 µm matrix and 403% times of nonaligned matrix. The supercapacitor also exhibits a high energy density of 73.8 µWh cm−2, power density of 4960 µW cm−2, capacitance retention of 86.5% after 1000 cycles, and bending stability of 95% after 5000 cycles. The principle to structurally design the oriented matrices for high electrode material loading opens up the possibility for advanced energy storage applications.

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Synthesis of Anisotropic Hydrogels and Their Applications

Cited by 307 publications

References 126 publications

Rational Design and Development of Anisotropic and Mechanically Strong Gelatin‐Based Stress Relaxing Hydrogels for Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation

Rational Design and Development of Anisotropic and Mechanically Strong Gelatin‐Based Stress Relaxing Hydrogels for Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation

Templating Porphyrin Anisotropy via Magnetically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

Wood‐Inspired Morphologically Tunable Aligned Hydrogel for High‐Performance Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

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