Synthesis of an A2BC-type asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine derivative for efficient visible/near-infrared-driven H2 evolution on g-C3N4

g-C3N4 Modified by meso-Tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible/Near-Infrared Light

“…Photosensitizers are the general term of molecules that can absorb light and transfer energy to other materials. Some researchers modified g-C 3 N 4 with photosensitizers such as phthalocyanine (Zhang et al, 2014 ), a combination of organic dye and zinc phthalocyanine derivative (Zhang X. H. et al, 2015 ), μ-oxo dimeric iron (III) porphyrin (Wang D. H. et al, 2016 ), zinc phthalocyanine (Liu Q. W. et al, 2018 ), mesotetrakis (carboxyphenyl) porphyrins (Da Silva et al, 2018 ), copper octacarboxyphthalocyanine (Ouedraogo et al, 2018 ), zinc phthalocyanine derivative (Zeng et al, 2019 ), multiporphyrin (Yang et al, 2019 ), zinc (II) 1, 8(11), 15(18), 22(25) -tetrakis (4-carboxylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (α-ZnTcPc) (He et al, 2019 ), porphyrin (Tian et al, 2019 ), Chlorin e6 (Ce6) (Liu et al, 2020a ), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid anhydride (PTCDA) (Yuan et al, 2020 ), tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin iron (III) chloride (FeTCPP) (Zhang et al, 2020 ), protoporphyrin (Pp) (Liu et al, 2020b ), and naphthalimide-porphyrin (Li L. L. et al, 2020 ). However, more examples in this regard are needed because this is a very interesting topic.…”

Plasmon-Induced Water Splitting—through Flexible Hybrid 2D Architecture up to Hydrogen from Seawater under NIR Light

“…Light-induced water splitting for hydrogen production is a sustainable pathway for the realization of environmentally friendly and renewable energy conversion. − The photocatalytic heterosystems employed for water splitting promote efficient electron–hole separation inside the catalyst, involving oxygen or hydrogen evolution half-reactions. − The crucial point in water splitting is the preparation of heterostructures with high solar energy conversion efficiency, covering all parts of the solar spectrum (ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light in the proportion of about 7:50:43%) . Because the most recent works focus on the visible light, , employing a near-infrared one may significantly enhance the efficiency of solar energy utilization. − Despite recent significant progress in the field, the fabrication of a single photocatalyst for hydrogen production with sunlight as a sole energetic input remains a great challenge.…”

“…The most common plasmon-active photocatalysts for water splitting, including 2D materials, are almost exclusively based on the semiconductor-noble metal composites. − However, the alternative to traditional semiconductors exists, consisting of the utilization of so-called metal–organic framework (MOF) structures. − The periodic network of MOFs, with tunable sizes and functions, can be designed to maximize charge separation, while well-defined porous structures of MOFs provide accessible active reaction sites and facilitates the transport of substrates and products. − Actually, several reports on efficient water splitting by photocatalysis on metal nanoparticles (MeNPs)/MOF composites clearly demonstrate the great potential of these hybrid structures for light-induced water splitting. , In these hybrid materials, the MOF is responsible for catalytic activity, while metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) act as an effective light absorber and centers of energetic charge carrier’s creation and separation. Despite the extensive efforts and significant progress in this field, there are a limited number of works focused solely on light-induced water splitting (in contrast to the photo-electrochemical approach). ,,,, …”

“…Despite the extensive efforts and significant progress in this field, there are a limited number of works focused solely on light-induced water splitting (in contrast to the photo-electrochemical approach). 5,10,15,23,29 In this contribution, we propose the advanced design of heterostructures based on the combination of bimetallic plasmon-active and catalytic-active layers, which leads to the creation of flexible and efficient hybrid materials aimed at the effective light harvesting and water splitting. Our design is flexible and robust and allows the utilization of NIR light as an energy source (this part of the solar spectrum that often remains unused in processes) and seawater as a raw material source.…”

Structural Insight on Defect-Rich Tin Oxide for Smart Band Alignment Engineering and Tunable Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

“…Artificial photocatalysis emerged as a research hotspot in the past decades owing to its unique advantages for dealing with severe energy crisis and environmental issues. − In particular, photocatalytic water splitting utilizing solar light could provide desirable means of clean and sustainable development in the future. − Heterogenerous photocatalytic water splitting based on transition-metal semiconductors attracted the most research attention because of the low cost and excellent physical and chemical stabilities of the materials. − Because of the demand for solar light harvesting and efficient charge separation, great studies have been devoted to modulate the lattice structure, surface/interface chemistry, and electronic structure of these semiconductors, as these intrinsic properties often have a greatly significant impact on the photocatalytic activity. − Structural perturbation, including lattice distortion, defective modulation, often has pronounced effects on the photophyscial and photochemical properties and determines the native photocatalytic activity of semiconductors. , Hence, the introduction of numerous defective centers into semiconductors predicts a promising strategy for tailoring the electronic structure, surface feature, as well as photocatalytic performance. Nevertheless, smart control over either concentration or type of defects in semiconductors is always not easy, so the impact of defects on photocatalytic activity still needs to be clarified.…”