Synthesis of Adenosine Triphosphate Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions

Ponnamperuma, Cyril; Sagan, Carl; Mariner, Ruth

doi:10.1038/199222a0

Cited by 157 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…A relative enrichment in such stacks, as well as their stabilization by covalent linkages, could be driven by a number of factors, namely, the UV-resistance of polymerized and stacked Ssystems [112,164], the potential to utilize the energy of UV quanta for photopolymerization [11,12,196], the ability of Zn 2+ ions to catalyze the polymerization [197,198], and the low dielectric permittivity of the surface-adjoining water layers [199] that may have favoured condensation reactions. In addition, a regular mesh of electric charges at the ZnS surface, by attracting reactants and arranging them appropriately relative to each other, may have made the polymerization thermodynamically more favourable than in bulk water [124].…”

Section: First Settlers In the Zns Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independently, Haldane, building upon the achievements of virology, proposed that the life started from bacteriophage-like molecules synthesized under the influence of the Sun's radiation in the primordial "hot dilute soup" [5]. It has been repeatedly demonstrated [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] that simple building blocks such as amino acids or nucleobases could form from simpler compounds, provided that energy was delivered as UV light or electric discharges (see [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] for surveys of research on the origin of life, and a section below devoted to the more detailed consideration of particular concepts).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Inorganic Polyphosphate Modulates TRPM8 Channels

Trimm¹

2011

Inorganic Chemistry

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Section: First Settlers In the Zns Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Inorganic Polyphosphate Modulates TRPM8 Channels

Trimm¹

2011

Inorganic Chemistry

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“…Recent biophysical simulations (Mulkidjanian et al, 2003;Bhattacharya, 2003) also indicate ultraviolet radiation could have been a lot less harmful than previously thought, as a result of the strong absorbance of nucleotide bases, supporting their capacity to transfer energization into potentially complexifying oligomer interactions. A regime of cyclic dehydration of a phosphate rich shoreline combined with partial irradiation could thus provide a direct transition to replicative catalysis, consistent with the formation of oligonucleotides by ultraviolet irradiating kaolinite clays by Strigunkova et al (1986) and that of Ponnamperuma et al (1963), who first synthesized ATP under primitive earth conditions using ultraviolet irradiation.…”

Section: Rna and Cosmologymentioning

confidence: 65%

Cosmic Symmetry-breaking, Bifurcation, Fractality and Biogenesis

King¹

2007

Neuroquantology

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This paper explores the non-linear quantum foundations of biogenesis in interactive bifurcations between the properties of the elements, sourced in the transitions induced by cosmic symmetry-breaking. The key interactions forming the biogenic pathway are modeled in terms of interactive quantum bifurcations explaining why the bioelements play the interactive role they do and why central biomolecules are cosmologically abundant products of the gas clouds forming young stars. RNA and related nucleotide molecules gain a plausible cosmic status, along with major features of the genetic code, and key features of metabolism, including ion and electron transport, the citric acid cycle and glycolysis.Key Words: cosmology, symmetry-breaking, molecular evolution, chaos, bifurcation, complex system, fractal, biogenesis, astrobiology I IntroductionThe thesis of this paper is that biological structures such as tissues, and organisms are cosmological structures, culminating the interactive phase of symmetry-breaking, as fundamental as stars and galaxies to the cosmic design. This process is described in detail in this paper as a fundamental manifestation of nonlinear quantum science, elaborating the fractal nature of fundamental force interaction, inevitable from the twisted nature of the forces, as they have emerged in our Universe. Symmetry-breaking as elucidated firstly in terms of the weak and electromagnetic forces, fig 5(a) results from evolution of the Universe from a symmetrical state to one in which the Higgs field has become polarized into a state of lower energy, similar to that of a ferromagnetic substance. It is the transition of this underlying parameter that is responsible for the bifurcations we shall consider.Although life is of fragile insignificance among the immensity of cosmic energies, its tiny entropy-reducing photosynthetic energy budget and fragile chemical bonds overwhelmed on the cosmic scale, it is nevertheless the interactive consummation of all the forces of nature acting together in sequence. Biological evolution is a stochastic 2 process combining random mutation and selective advantage, many of whose manifestations are opportunistic, but others the inevitable result of selective forces and environmental bifurcations. Although biological structures are genetically coded in a vast variety of ways by specific nucleic acid sequences, many features of life, 1 Mathematics Department, University of Auckland, New Zealand, E-mail: c.king@auckland.ac.nz 2 Stochastic -a process mediated partly by random factors, such as the drunkard's walk of Brownian motion.

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“…4 T micron porosity. Disposable bottles were plugged with cotton, covered with aluminum foil after being filled with the buffer solution, and then autoclaved at 1210 C for 30 minutes.…”

Section: Slummarymentioning

confidence: 99%